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    Physical education in higher educational institutions in the direction of psychological and pedagogical foundations
    (УДУ імені Михайла Драгоманова, 2025) Zubko, Valentyna; Garnusova, Viktoriia; Shyp, Liliia
    In the development of an active positive attitude towards physical culture and sports, the formation of the corresponding motives in young people is of primary importance. This process includes two mechanisms - "bottom up" and "top down". In the first, spontaneously formed or specially organized conditions of physical culture and sports activities satisfy certain needs selectively. If this happens systematically, the corresponding motives arise and are strengthened. The second mechanism, "top down", operates when a person assimilates the motives presented to him in a ready-made form; according to the plan of the teacher and coach, they should be trained in him. The student must gradually transform these motives from understood into effective ones. Explaining the essence of motives, their relationship with each other and with needs makes it easier for the student to work on their internal meaning, eliminates the spontaneous search for mistakes, the wrong choice of sport or form of physical education. Thus, the first mechanism is stimulated by changing the external conditions of physical education and sports activities (methodology, selection of physical exercises, etc.), the second - by changing the intrapersonal atmosphere through understanding needs and turning them into motives. Full formation of motives is possible with the synchronous action of both mechanisms. In reality, this is what happens, although in some periods one may prevail. During the introduction of young people to physical education and sports, the firstmechanism is most productive - "from the bottom up", the second is better to connect a little later, already in the period of direct classes. Both mechanisms have advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantage of the first mechanism is that even a specially organized training process by a teacher may not bring the expected success in the formation of motives. It will have to be supplemented by the second, explaining to the pupils the meaning and necessity of forming the necessary skills. The purpose of this work is to consider these mechanisms, to investigate the dynamics of their development and influence on the specific choice of students and their subsequent actions.