Кафедра машин та агрегатів поліграфічного виробництва (МАПВ)

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https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/1761

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Перегляд Кафедра машин та агрегатів поліграфічного виробництва (МАПВ) за Ключові слова "332.8:330.1:177.1"

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  • Ескіз
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    Economic justification of renovating and improving architecture and construction according to European standards
    (Чорноморський національний університетімені Петра Могили,ТОВ "ДКС Центр", 2024) Yashchenko, Oleksii; Makatora, Dmytro; Kubanov, Ruslan; Zinych, Petro
    The article formulates theoretical and methodological principles of economic justification of the expediency of renewing and improving architecture and construction according to European standards. There is evidence that investment, especially foreign investment, is not only an instrument of development, but also a method of regulation of the economy by means of capital transfers. The peculiarities of the assessment of the effectiveness of investment projects in the field of architecture and construction are under consideration. The relevance and practical significance of the closed-loop economy are demonstrated. The implementation of energy saving technologies in the EU countries, which have been successfully applied in the energy markets of Ukraine, is the subject of analysis. It proves that besides energy efficiency it is important to implement the concept of “smart city”. Certain areas of the study show that the updating and improvement of building codes and architectural practices is an important component of the economic development of Ukraine. The introduction of modern technologies and standards in construction can have a positive impact on the competitiveness of Ukrainian companies. It can help create new jobs and increase construction activity. The development of the construction industry will also contribute to the implementation of infrastructure and housing projects, which will have a positive impact on regional development and the quality of life of the population. It should be noted that the harmonisation of the Ukrainian legislation with the European standards will facilitate the easy integration of the country into the European and global economic space. In particular, by reducing technical barriers and creating synergies between standards, it facilitates trade in Ukrainian products and services. However, since harmonisation requires legislative changes, adaptation to new standards and training of specialists, it is a complex and time-consuming process. The conclusions state that in adopting European standards in construction and architecture, Ukraine is not only adapting to the modern requirements of the time, but is also taking a strategic step that will open wide opportunities for the country in the international arena, bringing economic benefits and improving the quality of life of its citizens. Implementing these changes will require the combined efforts of government, business and civil society, but the results will provide a solid foundation for the country’s sustainable development and European integration.
  • Ескіз
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    Impact of economic factors on design and construction processes in architecture and construction
    (ВД «Гельветика», Херсонський державний аграрно-економічний університет, 2024) Yashchenko, Oleksii; Makatora, Dmytro; Kubanov, Ruslan
    The influence of economic factors on the design and construction processes in the architecture and construction industry is under consideration and theoretically underpinned. The following aspects (factors of influence) were found to be among the economic problems faced by Ukrainian architects, developers and urban planners. Design and construction costs are the first problematic and applied area. The general classification of design and construction costs has been presented. It is noted that a project can be made more affordable and efficient through effective project cost management and finding ways to optimise costs. The economic feasibility of using the latest technologies is the second area of concern and application. The authors argue that the introduction of modern technologies such as BIM (Building Information Modelling), 3D printing in architecture and intelligent systems in buildings often faces economic barriers. However, by increasing process efficiency and reducing time and financial costs, they believe these technologies can be cost effective in the long term. Another problematic, applied area is energy efficiency. It has been noted that energy efficiency in construction requires up-front investment that can significantly reduce future building maintenance costs. Both the long-term savings and the improvement in the quality of operation of the facilities should be taken into account when assessing the profitability of such investments. It has been found that there are a number of ways to optimise the activities of a construction company. One of these ways is to implement an energy saving strategy in the company. This strategy consists of several stages. The first stage, based on the parameters of the company’s energy status, is to formulate a set of objectives. This means calculating and setting targets for reducing the energy consumed and improving energy efficiency. The second stage is the planning and implementation of a series of measures to save energy in the building. These may include the installation of energy saving equipment, the modernisation of heating and air-conditioning systems, the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in the construction process, the integration of energy-saving management systems, etc. The third step is to monitor the energy-saving processes. This includes systematic analysis and evaluation of the results of the implemented measures, monitoring energy consumption, identifying and eliminating potential problems. According to the authors, intensifying the introduction of new energy-saving echnologies is the innovative component of a construction company’s energy-saving activities. It is also important to develop scientifically based means of organising and managing the energy saving process in construction. The fourth problematic and applied area is the development and implementation of cost-effective norms and standards. It should be noted that improving the quality of design and construction, as well as improving economic performance by ptimising the use of resources, can be achieved by updating the regulations and standards governing construction and architectural processes through the integration of new knowledge and technologies. In particular, the cost of running construction projects can be optimised by considering economic parameters in the development of norms and standards.
  • Ескіз
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    Internal factors forming competitive potential of small architectural and construction enterprises: systematisation, adaptation, universalisation
    (Publishing House "Helvetica", 2024) Yashchenko, Oleksii; Makatora, Dmytro; Kubanov, Ruslan
    Internal factors play a decisive role in the formation of the competitive potential of small enterprises in the field of architecture and construction. The comprehensive approach adopted in this study involves analysing and improving the following internal factors: business strategy; efficiency of the business management system and methods; innovation and investment potential; level of production organisation; planning system; system of economic, social and psychological incentives; intellectual and labour potential; corporate culture. In particular, the study identifies the following qualitative characteristics and impact of internal factors on the level of competitiveness of small architectural and construction enterprises. The systematisation of internal factors contributes to the identification of the most important elements that have an impact on a company’s successful strategy. In this way, enterprises can better focus their efforts and resources on the achievement of their strategic goals. An important component of a company’s competitiveness is the effectiveness of its management system. A company can increase its productivity and efficiency in managing resources by analysing and improving this system. The ability to innovate and invest is also important in running a successful business. Innovation helps to maintain a competitive advantage by enabling a company to introduce new technologies and develop its products. In order to increase productivity, the organisation of production requires the systematisation and optimisation of processes. A clear definition of roles and responsibilities, the rational use of resources and quality assurance contribute to a company’s success. Planning is important for developing the business and achieving its goals. Managers can make informed decisions and successfully manage their business through a clear definition of goals, strategies and plans. The system of economic, social and psychological incentives used to motivate employees affects productivity. The provision of an appropriate incentive system is an important factor in the recruitment and retention of talented employees. Intellectual and labour potential are indisputable assets of an organisation. Ensuring the sustainability and future prospects of the company by investing in human resource development, skills and knowledge of employees. The style and characteristics of team interaction are determined by the corporate culture. The productivity and efficiency of the company can be positively influenced by striving to create a positive and favourable atmosphere. Companies can increase their efficiency, flexibility and sustainability in a competitive environment by systematising, adapting and universalising these factors. In particular, systematisation helps with the organisation and identification of internal factors, adaptation enables a rapid response to changes in the environment and universalisation enables the expansion of the firm’s capabilities. With such a comprehensive strategy, small enterprises can ensure their stability, competitiveness and resistance to the changes in the market conditions.