Наукові основи зниження екологічних ризиків забруднення атмосферного повітря підприємствами вуглеграфітового виробництва

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dc.contributor.authorІваненко, Олена Іванівна
dc.date.accessioned2021-04-09T09:56:16Z
dc.date.available2021-04-09T09:56:16Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractenThe dissertation work is devoted to creation of scientific bases of atmospheric air pollution ecological risks reduction by the enterprises of carbonite production in furnaces of burning of carbon material by purposeful reception and use of catalytic systems of oxidation of carbon monoxide and resinous substances, active components of which are pure and mixed oxides of cheap transition metals on an available natural or industrial carrier, as well as by substantiating the feasibility of using existing equipment of rotary kilns for calcination of carbonaceous materials for synthesis gas using production waste in the form of dust fraction of heat-treated anthracite or petroleum. It is substantiated that taking into account the importance and scale of the enterprise of carbon graphite production can be attributed to the critical infrastructure. Thus, there is a need to analyze the nature of changes in emergencies of man-made and natural nature in Ukraine, adaptation of international experience in national risk assessment for critical infrastructure, the possibility of its implementation and practical application in Ukraine, risk assessment of economic losses due to emergencies of various origins in Ukraine, focusing on emergencies due to the presence in the environment of harmful pollutants in excess of the maximum allowable concentration in the emissions of electrode enterprises. Аs a result of assessing the impact of the enterprise of carbon production on the level of environmental pollution, taking into account the size of the sanitary protection zone, it is established that the concentration of carbon monoxide in emissions exceeds the emission standard approved in Ukraine. It is noted that when assessing the risk of economic losses due to emergencies in Ukraine, taking into account the adapted approach of the European Union, the average level of risk of economic losses due to emergencies due to the presence of harmful pollutants in the environment exceeds the maximum allowable concentration. It is determined that the use of manganese dioxide-modified pouring is a cheap, simple and convenient method of preventing emissions of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere in the processes of burning electrodes. The advantage of using modified pouring is low material costs for the processing of carbon material in comparison with significant investments in the construction of catalytic reactors for the disposal of carbon monoxide. The disadvantage of this process is the increase in carbon material losses due to the acceleration of the oxidation processes of the pouring. A cheap catalyst for the disposal of carbon monoxide based on magnetite particles received by chemical condensation was obtained. To adjust the properties of the particles used the build-up method, the process of freezing-thawing and changing the ratio of components in the initial solutions. The use of spent electrolytes and pickling solutions as raw materials will simultaneously solve the complex environmental problem of their disposal. The disadvantage of using magnetite is its low oxidation state and low velocity of the gas-air mixture. An effective oxide-manganese catalyst based on natural zeolite-clinoptilolite of the Sokyrnytsia deposit has been developed, which is placed in containers in the fire channels of chambers heated by flue gases of multi-chamber furnaces for firing electrode blanks. It is determined that the kinetics of carbon monoxide oxidation process by air oxygen on a manganese oxide-manganese catalyst is described by a first-order equation. The kinetic parameters of the process are calculated: the effective and true rate constants and activation energy. Using criterion dependences in the form of the Carberry test, it was determined that the reaction of oxidation of carbon monoxide by oxygen is not limited by the diffusion of carbon monoxide from the gas stream to the outer surface of the catalyst. It is shown that the transport of carbon monoxide molecules inside the catalyst granules proceeds in the Knudsen mode. The design characteristics of the catalytic container with the catalyst are calculated. An innovative technical solution to the problem of flue gas purification from carbon monoxide is the use of industrial aerated concrete to fix carbon monoxide oxidation catalysts, which allows to build fundamentally new schemes of carbon monoxide neutralization when placing modified units directly on the load electrode system, which significantly simplifies the process. The high efficiency of zeolite and aerated concrete catalysts in the oxidation of volatile resinous substances is shown. The advantage of the use of block oxide-metal aerated concrete catalysts, along with the ease of installation is also a long service life, which is associated with a low degree of coking and adhesion of resinous substances during operation. When using the proposed catalysts in production conditions, the requirements for the standard for emissions of carbon monoxide with flue gases are met. It is formulated a mathematical model of the process of carbonaceous material particles gasification in a continuous-discrete formulation, which includes thirteen global reactions, four of which are heterogeneous and nine are homogeneous. A numerical model of the process of gasification of the dust fraction of carbonaceous material in the cooling drum of a rotary kiln in axisymmetric formulation has been developed. Using the developed numerical model, the expediency of the process of gasification of the carbonaceous filler in the cooling drum of the rotary kiln was evaluated. Verification of the developed numerical model is performed. The analysis of the obtained results shows that in the case of using a cooling drum to generate synthesis gas, it is necessary to rationally combine two different functions - the combustion chamber and the refrigerator. On the one hand, the cooling drum should have a high temperature zone for the generation of synthesis gas with a high yield of combustible components, and on the other – a cooling zone to obtain the output material with a given temperature. The obtained calculation data confirm the possibility of using industrial equipment for the generation of synthesis gas by burning production waste – the dust fraction of coke and the heat of the material coming from the rotary kiln.uk
dc.description.abstractukДисертаційна робота присвячена створенню наукових основ зниження екологічних ризиків забруднення атмосферного повітря підприємствами вуглеграфітового виробництва в печах випалювання вуглецевого матеріалу шляхом цілеспрямованого одержання та використання каталітичних систем окиснення монооксиду вуглецю та смолистих речовин, активними компонен тами яких є чисті та змішані оксиди дешевих перехідних металів на доступному природному або промисловому носії, а також шляхом обґрунтування доцільності застосування діючого обладнання обертових печей з прожарювання вуглецевих матеріалів для одержання синтез-газу з використанням відходів виробництва у вигляді пилової фракції термообробленого нафтового коксу або антрациту. Використання результатів роботи дасть можливість вирішити проблеми перевищення викидів монооксиду вуглецю та смолистих речовин в атмосферне повітря на підприємствах вуглеграфітового виробництва і знизити негативний вплив шкідливих забруднюючих речовин на здоров’я населення у житловій забудові у зоні дії викидів, а також забезпечити скорочення питомих витрат матеріальних ресурсів та енергії в технологічних процесах.uk
dc.format.page46 с.uk
dc.identifier.citationІваненко, О. І. Наукові основи зниження екологічних ризиків забруднення атмосферного повітря підприємствами вуглеграфітового виробництва : автореф. дис. … д-ра техн. наук : 21.06.01 – eкологічна безпека технічні науки / Іваненко Олена Іванівна. – Київ, 2021. – 46 с.uk
dc.identifier.urihttps://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/40507
dc.language.isoukuk
dc.publisherКПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорськогоuk
dc.publisher.placeКиївuk
dc.subjectекологічний ризикuk
dc.subjectмонооксид вуглецюuk
dc.subjectокисненняuk
dc.subjectвуглецеві матеріалиuk
dc.subjectелектродне виробництвоuk
dc.subjectкаталізаторuk
dc.subjectцеолітuk
dc.subjectгазобетонuk
dc.subjectenvironmental riskuk
dc.subjectcarbon monoxideuk
dc.subjectoxidationuk
dc.subjectcarbon-containing materialsuk
dc.subjectelectrode productionuk
dc.subjectcatalystuk
dc.subjectzeoliteuk
dc.subjectaerated concreteuk
dc.subject.udc504.3.054; 699.871; 504.064.43uk
dc.titleНаукові основи зниження екологічних ризиків забруднення атмосферного повітря підприємствами вуглеграфітового виробництваuk
dc.typeThesisuk

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