Жінки в армії й на війні: воєнні шляхи і доля льотчиці Наталії Федорівни Меклін (Кравцової)

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dc.contributor.authorПістоленко, І. О.
dc.contributor.authorPistolenko, I.
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-21T07:49:40Z
dc.date.available2019-10-21T07:49:40Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractenThis article presents combat activity of Natalia Meklin (Kravtsova) in the context of women’s experiences of the war. She was a pilot of the 46th Guards Night Bombing Regiment, the so called «night witches». This group of Soviet Air Forces from 1942 to the end of World War II bombarded enemy’s territories. “Night witches” carried out almost 24,000 combat missions during the war, and threw over 3 thousand tons of bombs. While the main role of women during the First World War (1914–1918) was to work in ammunition factories, in agriculture and replace recruited men on their workplace, with the beginning of World War II, millions of women got involved in combat activities. Some of them, especially in the Soviet Union, Germany and Great Britain, served in anti-aircraft units, where they shot down enemy bombers, scouted, translated, etc. Women-engineers participated in creating military aircraft. Women-pilots, more than others, defied traditional beliefs about what a woman can do on a war. Born on September 8, 1922 in the city of Lubny of Poltava region, Natalia Meklin graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute in 1941, a year after finishing 10th grade of school. In October same year, she applied to join the 588th Night Bomber Regiment, founded by Marina Raskova. In 1942, after graduating from Engels Military Aviation School, Meklin was sent to the Eastern Front of World War II. At the age of 19 she was appointed squadron commander. She commanded bombardments in the Southern, Northern Caucasus, 4th Ukrainian and 2nd Belarussian fronts from a light bomber designed by Polikarpov Po-2. By the end of the war, she made 982 night flights and dropped about 147 tons of bombs on a territory under enemy control. On February 23, 1945, lieutenant Natalya Meklin (Kravtsova) was awarded the title of Soviet Hero. Since after, for military service, courage and pilot skills she was awarded many times. In October 1945, Natalia Meklin became a reserve officer. In 1947, she completed two yearly courses at Moscow State University, and returned to military service. From 1948 to 1957 Natalia studied at the Military Institute of Foreign Languages and subsequently worked as an interpreter until retirement. In 1972, she became a member of the Writers’ Union. Natalia Meklin (Kravtsova) wrote about 10 books about the war and about brave female pilots at the front. She also co-authored the book with her colleague from the regiment Irina Rakobolskaya «We were called night witches», they recalled combat and the life experiences of female pilots during the war. On 5 June 2005, she died in Moscow and was buried in Troekurovskoe Cemetery. Women-pilots, as well as women in other kinds of military, were many. Each of them has left its own imprint in history. Studying their experiences is important, because it helps to understand that war was not homogeneous. Understanding the real situation of women in war can help to avoid future conflicts.uk
dc.description.abstractukУ статті в контексті теми участі жінок у війні розглядається бойова діяльність однієї з «нічних відьом» - льотчиці 46-го гвардійського нічного бомбардувального авіаційного полку Н. Ф. Меклін (Кравцової), уродженки м. Лубни Полтавської обл., а також вплив служби в армії на її подальшу діяльність.uk
dc.format.pagerangeС. 163–176uk
dc.identifier.citationПістоленко, І. О. Жінки в армії й на війні: воєнні шляхи і доля льотчиці Наталії Федорівни Меклін (Кравцової) / І. О. Пістоленко // Сторінки історії : збірник наукових праць. – 2018. – Вип. 46. – С. 163–176.uk
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.20535/2307-5244.46.2018.136740
dc.identifier.urihttps://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/29823
dc.language.isoukuk
dc.publisherКПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорськогоuk
dc.publisher.placeКиївuk
dc.sourceСторінки історії : збірник наукових праць, Вип. 46uk
dc.subjectарміяuk
dc.subjectвійнаuk
dc.subjectжінкаuk
dc.subject46-й гвардійський нічний бомбардувальний авіаційний полкuk
dc.subjectльотчицяuk
dc.subject«нічна відьма»uk
dc.subjectНаталія Меклінuk
dc.subjectarmyuk
dc.subjectwaruk
dc.subjectwomenuk
dc.subject46th Guards Night Bombing Regimentuk
dc.subjectpilotuk
dc.subject«night witch»uk
dc.subjectNatalia Meklinuk
dc.subject.udc94«1941/1945»:355.43(477/53)-55.2uk
dc.titleЖінки в армії й на війні: воєнні шляхи і доля льотчиці Наталії Федорівни Меклін (Кравцової)uk
dc.title.alternativeWomen in the Army and in the War: the War Paths and the Fate of the Pilot Natalia Fedorivna Meklin (Kravtsova)uk
dc.typeArticleuk

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Сторінки історії: збірник наукових праць, Вип. 46