Гендерне законодавство в Україні (1917–1919 р.р.) — шлях до «верховенства права»: історико-правовий аналіз

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dc.contributor.authorКoросташова, І. М.
dc.date.accessioned2022-11-04T13:09:38Z
dc.date.available2022-11-04T13:09:38Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.description.abstractenThe article is the result of original research and comprehensive content analysis, regarding important historiographical publications and regulations (mostly the Constitution), which were accepted in the early 1900’s, in particular in 1917– 1919. This research covers a period in European history that includes the events of the First World War, revolutions, coups d’etat, civil wars, which in the history of Ukraine simultaneously became a period of the Ukrainian nation-building attempts. During this period, gender legislation was first introduced in Ukraine. In our article, an author presented a historical and legal analysis of gender legislation introduced in Russia and Ukraine in 1917–1919; and an analysis of the gender situation in Ukraine in the context of international and national processes. Also, an author determined features of juridical consolidation of gender equality for women and men in this period of history. To develop the topic, an author used the following scientific methods: historical- system method; historical-genetic method; comparative-historical method; content analysis; analysis-discourse. The purpose of the article was a historical and legal analysis of gender legislation introduced in Russia and Ukraine in 1917–1919, and identification of national characteristics and factors that influenced the process of legal consolidation of gender equality in Ukraine in this period. The author concluded that the inception and formation of the national idea of giving women equal rights with men in political and social life dated back to the mid- 1850’s. Since then, in Ukrainian lands, women’s leadership was defined as a socio-political phenomenon. Although in the early 1900’s, legislation in the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires enshrined gender inequality and discrimination against women. From the mid-1900’s to the 1920’s, the 'first wave of feminism' accompanied the popularization of liberal ideas in many countries around the world, and in particular in Russia (which at that time included the Dnieper Ukraine), which indicated the aggravation of the women’s issue during that period. Changes in geopolitical and socio-economic conditions that took place in the early 1900’s (World War I, the collapse of the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires, the revolutionary events of 1917 in Russia and Ukraine, etc.) contributed to the adoption of the gender legislation in Russia and Ukraine. Participation of Ukrainian and Russian women in the First World War as officers and soldiers had become a factor in the blurring of gender roles during wartime. After the February Revolution, women’s revolutionary-feminist sentiments had reached the highest degree of incandescence. The active public position of women forced the Provisional Government of Russia (its positions were precarious and needed electoral support) to look at women as on the subjects of active and passive suffrage. All of this created the ground for the implementation of gender legislation. As a result, on April 15, 1917, Ukraine, together with Russia, became one of the first European countries in which women were given suffrages. The leaders and ideologists of the Central Council of the Ukrainian People’s Republic went far beyond the idea of giving women only equal suffrage. They developed the idea of gender equality and officially enshrined the equality of women and men concerning all legal relations arising in the state in the norms of the 1918 Constitution of the UPR (which, unfortunately, was not implemented). Therefore, unlike other European countries, in April 1918, Ukraine became almost the only country in the world where at the initial stage of state formation the Constitution declared the equality of women and men for the entire scope of rights. This was an unprecedented event in the history of constitutionalism and the development of gender legislation of that period. This is explained both by the special attitude to women, which was forming for a certain time in Ukrainian society, and the social orientation of ideologues and leaders of the Central Council of the UPR in building a new national democratic republic of equal in all rights citizens. The decisive factor in this process was the active public position of women, which confirmed the desires and needs of women to participate in the social and political life, and development of the country. This had a strong influence on the process of women’s emancipation and had destroyed the established gender model of «domobud». However, the defeat of the Ukrainian state formations (Hetmanate, otamanshchina, the victory of the Bolshevik power in Dnieper Ukraine) and further changes in the political accents of the Bolshevik government from gender to class struggle, reflected in the 1919 USSR Constitution interrupted the legal consolidation of women’s and men equality. Women of Western Ukraine first received suffrage in October 1918 (Constitution of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic). The 1919–1920 occupation of Western Ukrainian lands led to the further development of gender legislation in Western Ukrainian lands under the laws of the countries that occupied them (Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Romania) before the reunification of Ukrainian lands within the USSR (1939–1945). Thus, from the norms of gender legislation introduced in Ukraine in 1917–1919, at that time only the suffrage of women was realized. The beginning of equal rights juridical consolidation for women and men around the world was due to the intensification of liberal and feminist movements, but in Ukraine also due to of socialist and of Ukrainian national political movement and under the influence of the doctrine «the rule of law», which was further developed in the world and over time became a basic principle of democratic states, and in particular, Ukraine.uk
dc.description.abstractukСтаттю присвячено емансипації жінок та впровадженню гендерного законодавства в Україні в 1917–1919 рр. Автор дослідила гендерну ситуацію, що передувала законодавчому закріпленню рівності жінок і чоловіків в Україні та провела історико-правовий аналіз норм гендерного законодавства, впроваджених на початковому етапі його формування в Росії та в Україні. Розкрито особливості законодавчого закріплення рівності жінок і чоловіків в Україні та фактори, що вплинули на гендерну ситуацію, формування і розвиток гендерного законодавства в Україні на початку ХХ ст.uk
dc.format.pagerangeС. 181-201uk
dc.identifier.citationКoросташова, І. М. Гендерне законодавство в Україні (1917–1919 р.р.) — шлях до «верховенства права»: історико-правовий аналіз / І. М. Кoросташова // Сторінки історії : збірник наукових праць. – 2021. – Вип. 52. – С. 181-201.uk
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.20535/2307-5244.52.2021.236160
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4024-802Xuk
dc.identifier.urihttps://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/50860
dc.language.isoukuk
dc.publisherКПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорськогоuk
dc.publisher.placeКиївuk
dc.sourceСторінки історії : збірник наукових праць, Вип. 52uk
dc.subjectемансипація жінокuk
dc.subjectгендерне законодавствоuk
dc.subjectверховенство праваuk
dc.subjectгендерна рівністьuk
dc.subjectправа жінокuk
dc.subjectправове регулюванняuk
dc.subjectдискримінаціяuk
dc.subjectюридичне закріпленняuk
dc.subjectemancipation of womenuk
dc.subjectgender legislationuk
dc.subjectthe rule of lawuk
dc.subjectgender equalityuk
dc.subjectrights of womenuk
dc.subjectlegal regulationuk
dc.subjectdiscriminationuk
dc.subjectjuridical consolidationuk
dc.subject.udc94(477)«1917–1919»:340.12uk
dc.titleГендерне законодавство в Україні (1917–1919 р.р.) — шлях до «верховенства права»: історико-правовий аналізuk
dc.typeArticleuk

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Сторінки історії: збірник наукових праць, Вип. 52