Секретні співробітники ДПУ з одеського «Клубу іноземних моряків»

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dc.contributor.authorСавченко, В. А.
dc.contributor.authorТригуб, О. П.
dc.date.accessioned2022-02-07T11:08:40Z
dc.date.available2022-02-07T11:08:40Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.description.abstractenThe paper is devoted to secret activities of the Italian revolutionaries who fled to the USSR in 1921–1925 and united in Odessa as the «Group of Italian Political Emigrants» and the local cell of the «International Organization for the Support of Revolutionary Fighters» (MODR). The Soviet intelligence service and the Comintern, counting on the revolutionary potential of the Italians in the «red years» (1919–1920), considered Italy to be the stronghold of the world revolution. The leaders for that revolution were trained not only in Moscow, but also in Odessa. A group of Italians who had fled from the persecution of the fascists lived in the latter city. This groups of former members of the Communist Party of Italy, the «left wing» of the Italian Socialist Party and anarchist federations was forced to cooperate with the Comintern, the MODR, the State Political Authority (DPU) and other Soviet institutions. Based on a tragic examples of eight Italians who lived in Odessa during the 1920s, the paper describes the methods of Soviet intelligence for establishing the net of agents in West European countries, surveillance of «suspicious» foreigners and the spying for Italian consulate in Odessa. Italian political emigrants were used for recruitment. This was considered a sort of «communist treatment» for Italian sailors from commercial cargos in the port of Odessa, viewed as potential agents of the «world revolution». This recruitment was performed under the banners of «The International Sailor Club» (or «The Karl Marx Club for Foreign Sailors»), or the «International Union of Sailors and Dockers». In 1923–1924, agitated Italian political emigrants on behalf of those organizations. However, in 1924 they were arrested and imprisoned for one year. After release they were suspected of «counter-revolutionary sentiments» and contacts with the anarchist underground in Odessa and Dnepropetrovsk. In 1928, E. Gherbovaz and D. Serpo were again arrested in Odessa on a fabricated charge of espionage — disclosure of intelligence on recruitment of Italian sailors to the Italian consul. Subsequently they spent many years in camps. In 1927, another Italian political emigrant Miro Avlich was arrested for spying for the Italian consul in Odessa. During 1922–1925 he worked on Soviet commercial ships and «on a part-time basis» reported to the DPU. Italian political emigrants, brothers Antonio and Amadeo Buticchi, also cooperated with the DPU. They started working in «the contraband detection». In 1925 Antonio became a «secret agent» and was sent to Sverdlovsk. Later in Odessa, he spied after the Italian consulate. Amadeo Buticchi, «with the permission of Moscow», returned to Italy. He officially deported from the USSR to conceal his cooperation with the DPU. In 1923, anarchist political emigrants G. Bucciarelli, L. Evangelisti, R. Cavani arrived at Odessa. In 1927, L. Evangelisti and R. Cavani managed to illegally escape the USSR, as it was claimed by the DPU, with the help of West European sailors, and possibly with the support of the DPU itself. R. Cavani returned to Italy and twice attempted to kill dictator B. Mussolini. He took part in organizing a revolution in Spain. In 1936–1938 R. Cavani and L. Evangelisti fought in the Spanish Republican Army. G. Bucciarelli was arrested in 1933 «for anarchist propaganda» and in 1937 «for counter-revolutionary activity». Thus, the Italian political emigrants in the USSR became political hostages, many of them as agents of the Comintern’s «world revolution» and the DPU. In the 1930s their fate was mostly tragic — they were sent to GULAG camps or sentenced to death.uk
dc.description.abstractukСтаттю присвячено викриттю таємної діяльності італійських політемігрантів, що гуртувалися в Одесі навколо місцевого осередку «Міжнародної організації допомоги борцям революції» та «Клубу іноземних моряків». На прикладі трагічної долі низки італійців (комуністів та анархістів) висвітлюються методи роботи ДПУ, ГРУ та Комінтерну по формуванню агентурної мережі у країнах Європи, стеженню за «підозрілими» іноземцями, за контрабандою та «політичними настроями» у СРСР.uk
dc.format.pagerangeС. 118-134uk
dc.identifier.citationСавченко, В. А. Секретні співробітники ДПУ з одеського «Клубу іноземних моряків» / В. А. Савченко, О. П. Тригуб // Сторінки історії : збірник наукових праць. – 2019. – Вип. 48. – С. 118-134.uk
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.20535/2307-5244.48.2019.176386
dc.identifier.urihttps://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/46186
dc.language.isoukuk
dc.publisherКПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорськогоuk
dc.publisher.placeКиївuk
dc.sourceСторінки історії : збірник наукових праць, Вип. 48uk
dc.subjectДПУuk
dc.subjectКомінтернuk
dc.subject«Міжнародна організація допомога борцям революції»uk
dc.subjectКомуністична партія Італіїuk
dc.subjectОдесаuk
dc.subjectполітемігрантиuk
dc.subjectанархістиuk
dc.subjectморякиuk
dc.subjectDPUuk
dc.subjectCominternuk
dc.subject«International Organization for the Support of Revolutionary Fighters»uk
dc.subjectCommunist Party of Italyuk
dc.subjectOdessauk
dc.subjectpolitical emigrantsuk
dc.subjectanarchistsuk
dc.subjectsailorsuk
dc.subject.udc[94:329.285](450+477)«1919/1929»uk
dc.titleСекретні співробітники ДПУ з одеського «Клубу іноземних моряків»uk
dc.typeArticleuk

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Сторінки історії: збірник наукових праць, Вип. 48