Вода і водоочисні технології. Науково-технічні вісті, № 1(41)

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    Hygienic assessment of water quality in domestic drinking water supply systems of Samarkand
    (КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Vdovenko, Serhii; Vdovenko, Davyd
    The article provides a comprehensive hygienic evaluation of drinking water quality in both existing andprospective domestic water supply systems of Samarkand. The research analyzes key hydrochemical andmicrobiological indicators, emphasizing the implications of anthropogenic and abiotic contaminants found inlocal water sources. The study utilized extensive analytical data derived from over 720 samples collected fromwells, clean water reservoirs (CWR), and the Zarafshan River, resulting in approximately 6480 laboratorydeterminations covering microbiological parameters, toxicological elements, organoleptic properties, andradioactive contaminants.Results indicate that the groundwater primarily serving Samarkand is generally safe,showing minimal microbial contamination and compliance with established hygienic standards. Groundwaterquality has remained consistently high, without significant anthropogenic pollutants detected. However, theassessment revealed a notable deficiency in fluoride concentrations (0.14-0.28 mg/L), raising concernsregarding increased risks of dental caries among the local population. Additionally, certain local water intakesdemonstrated increased hardness and mineralization levels due to natural geological processes, particularlynoticeable at the Bolibalandand Chupon-ota water intakes.The research highlights the necessity formaintaining rigorous sanitary protection measures, especially due to ongoing anthropogenic impacts such asagricultural activities and uncontrolled excavation operations near the water intakes. Furthermore, long-termdata analyses (1990-2024) suggest potential fluctuations in groundwater mineralization linked to climaticvariations and irrigation practices affecting the Zarafshan River's hydrological regime. Conclusively, thecurrent Samarkand water supply sources are robust and reliable, yet the establishment of additional waterintakes, especially near Chubot village on the Zarafshan River, is recommended. This strategic developmentcould significantly enhance the sanitary reliability and long-term sustainability of the city's water supplyinfrastructure, ensuring public health safety and improving overall water quality management.
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    Increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment at dairy industry enterprises using cavitation equipment
    (КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Tselen, Bogdan; Obodovych, Oleksandr; Ivanitsky, Georgiy; Sablii, Larysa; Hozhenko, Liubov; Nedbailo, Anna; Radchenko, Nataliya
    The article considers the problems of neutralization concentrated milky whey wastewater.The actuality ofthe research caused by the difficulty of utilization of acidic milky whey wastewater due to its unstablecomposition, high acidity and significant microbial pollution, which resulted in a high biological oxygendemand.In addition, the high chemical oxygen demand, which reflects a significant organic load and createsa problem for treatment technologies and ecological danger.The authors analyzed traditional andinnovative treatment technologies with an accent on the advantages and disadvantages of each.Based on theanalyzed data, it has proposed to use hydrodynamic cavitation as an auxiliary intensifying method in thetechnologies of neutralization concentrated milky whey wastewater.To realize it, the authors proposed aspecially designed device of rotary-pulsation type. In order to determine the feasibility of the proposedsolution, it is formulated by the tasks of evaluating the change in the microbiological indicator, chemicaloxygen demand and biological oxygen demand under different treatment regimes. Also, determine thepattern of changes in temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration over the treatment time. According tothe research results, the microbiological indicator of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobicmicroorganisms showed the most significant decrease from at 3600 rpm within 10 minutes of treatment.Atthe same time, the neutralization of coliform bacteria has achieved after 2 minutes of treatment.Thebiological oxygen demand value showed a maximum reduction of 30 % at 3600 rpm during a 20-minutetreatment cycle.The chemical oxygen demand value for the same time showed a similar pattern of decreaseby 40 % at a linear temperature rise. In other words, the treatment in the proposed type of rotor-pulsationapparatus can be considerate as auxiliary equipment in the technologies of neutralization of concentratedmilky whey wastewater.Recirculation treatment for 20 minutes at 3600 rpm is consider as optimal.
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    Determination of phosphate content in water using organic chromogenic compounds
    (КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Stukanova, Daria; Litynska, Marta
    Phosphorus compounds are introduced into natural waters in significant quantities as a result of anthropogenic activities. Agriculture and inadequate wastewater treatment are the main sources of phosphorus compounds. Increased levels of phosphorus compounds in water bodies lead to unbalanced eutrophication and significant changes in ecosystems. Therefore, monitoring phosphate levels is very important for maintaining the normal state of aquatic ecosystems. Spectrophotometry is one of the most widely used methods for measuring phosphate concentration. In the article, we reviewed existing spectrophotometric methods for determining the phosphate content in water and proposed a new method based on the use of a complex of metal indicators with metals. The principle of the method is based on the change of the metal complex with the metal indicator as a result of interaction with phosphate ions. Phosphate ions bind cations of metals such as zirconyl, since its phosphates have a very low solubility. The indicator released as a result of the destruction of the complex has a different color than the complex with a zirconyl cation. We experimentally tested the feasibility of using such metal indicators as chromazurol S, 8-oxyquinoline, arsenazo I, arsenazo III. The highest efficiency was demonstrated by the complex of chromazurol S with zirconyl ions, which is reflected in a clear change in color from purple to shades of crimson, red and orange for different phosphate concentrations. In the indicator system, we used a solution of chromazurol S with a concentration of 0.005 M and a solution of zirconyl nitrate with a concentration of 0.01 M. The ratio of the volumes of the solutions is 1:1. The proposed method of determination requires a significantly smaller amount of reagents than molybdate method.
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    Prospects for the use of metal oxides in nanoform for industrial wastewater treatment
    (КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Kochubei, Olena; Sovhira, Svitlana; Dushechkina, Nataliia
    The article presents the results of a theoretical study on the prospects for the use of metal oxides innanoform for industrial wastewater treatment. The growing problem of water pollution byinorganic compounds, especially heavy metals (Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cr⁶⁺), as well as phosphates,nitrates, and sulfates, creates a demand for innovative and eco-friendly purification technologies.Conventional treatment methods often lack effectiveness under conditions of high pollutantconcentrations or complex wastewater composition. Nanostructured metal oxides, due to their highsurface area, ion-exchange capacity, and catalytic activity, offer promising solutions for pollutantremoval. The study provides an analytical overview of recent scientific literature on the properties,synthesis methods, and application of TiO₂, ZnO, Fe₃O₄, MnO₂, CuO, and Al₂O₃ in purificationprocesses. The mechanisms of sorption, photocatalysis, precipitation, and complexation arediscussed in detail. Influencing factors such as pH, particle morphology, temperature, pollutantconcentration, and contact time are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the development ofcomposite materials and surface-functionalized nanomaterials, which enhance selectivity,reusability, and stability in aggressive environments. The potential environmental impact,regeneration strategies, and barriers to large-scale application are also considered. Theconclusions highlight the relevance of nanostructured metal oxides in the development of efficient,scalable, and sustainable technologies for water purification, in line with modern ecological andindustrial challenges. Further interdisciplinary research is recommended to address safety,standardization, and cost-effectiveness aspects.
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    Analysis of challenges and problems in the application of electrodeionisation for demineralized water production
    (КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Simdianov, Dmytro; Yanushevska, Olena; Dontsova, Tetiana
    The article presents an analysis of the challenges and problems that limit the widespread use of theelectrodeionization method for water desalination. Nevertheless, this technology has alreadyproven itself in the pharmaceutical industry, in the production of microelectronics and at thermalpower facilities. But it also has prospects for wider application, for example, in the chemical andfood industries, thermal power engineering, biotechnology, hydrogen production, etc. Incombination with preliminary water treatment using the method of double stage reverse osmosis,has the potential to completely replace the use of cation and anion exchange filters for waterdesalination. The aim of this work is to review and analyze the fundamental principles andpractical aspects of the application of electrodeionization, the design and operation ofelectrodeionization units, and possible approaches to improving their efficiency in order to obtain ahigh degree of water desalination. To this end, technological approaches to improving the design ofelectrodeionizers and the possibility of modifying ion-exchange resins in order to reduce energyconsumption, increase selectivity and productivity, etc. are considered in detail. The mainparameters of the electrodeionization process modes are determined, and the impact of modifyingion-exchange materials with water dissociation catalysts and varying the ratio of cation- andanion-exchange resins on the efficiency of the modules is assessed. The influence of the abovefactors on productivity, selectivity, energy consumption, continuous operation time ofelectrodeionization units, degree of ion exchange resin regeneration, degree of water purification,reduction of fouling of ion exchange membranes and degree of electrode corrosion has beenanalyzed.
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    Modern approaches to wastewater treatment from pesticides: a literature review
    (КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Nikitina, Olena; Krymets, Hryhorii; Kostenko, Anastasiia; Levandovskiy, Igor; Lapinskyi, Andrii; Pavlenko, Oksana
    The article presents a review of modern technologies for the treatment of wastewater contaminatedwith pesticides — persistent organic pollutants that exert a long-term toxic impact on ecosystemsand human health. Due to their high stability, bioaccumulation potential, and low biodegradability,the presence of pesticides in aquatic environments poses a serious environmental problem,necessitating the implementation of effective wastewater treatment solutions. The focus is placed onfour main groups of methods: oxidative, sorptive, biological, and combined approaches. Oxidativemethods include ozonation, ultraviolet (UV) treatment, photocatalysis, and the Fenton process.These technologies are effective in decomposing persistent organic compounds but often requiresignificant energy input. Sorptive methods — using activated carbon, zeolites, graphene-basedmaterials, etc. — are characterized by high availability and simplicity in application, yet theyrequire further regeneration or disposal of the sorbents. Biological methods, such as thoseinvolving activated sludge, biofilms, and microalgae, are environmentally friendly but limited intheir ability to degrade poorly biodegradable substances. The most promising direction isrecognized as the application of combined approaches that integrate the advantages of differentmethods while mitigating their drawbacks. Particular attention is given to the synergistic use ofozonation, UV treatment, Fenton processes, and biosorption. Such integrated systems can achieve ahigh degree of purification while reducing energy consumption and operational costs. It issubstantiated that further development of combined technologies is a key direction for enhancingthe efficiency of wastewater treatment from pesticides