Сторінки історії: збірник наукових праць, Вип. 57

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    The first ukrainian test artillery range: birth and early years of activity (1931–1941)
    (КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2023) Kushlakova, N.; Savchuk, V.
    From the earliest days of Ukraine’s independence, issues of military security became relevant, and in contemporary conditions, the problems of strengthening its defense capabilities have taken precedence. The experience of creating and operating the leading enterprises in Ukraine’s defense industry over the last century can be instructive. One such enterprise is the Pavlograd Mechanical Plant (PMP), which includes a test range. Using selected theoretical and methodological tools, a historical reconstruction of the birth and the initial years of the Pavlograd Artillery Test Range has been conducted. Based on original sources, the primary tasks of the range were identified as conducting control tests of ammunition. The study revealed that during that time, there was no educational institution, whether civilian or military, that trained managers for ranges. Consequently, almost all range management personnel were military individuals who gained relevant experience through direct practical activities. The research covers some episodes of the lives of the first chiefs of the Pavlograd range. The pre-war period’s activity of the range has been examined, and its effectiveness has been evaluated using two main indicators: the number of shots fired and the duration of testing one batch of a certain type of ammunition. In 1938, the Pavlograd Artillery Range attained the status of a branch for testing aviation ammunition. On the eve of World War II, it was found that the range generally met modern requirements and successfully tested ammunition. The Pavlograd Artillery Test Range, the first and only one in Ukraine in the 1930’s, was proven to be a powerful test base of the USSR. In terms of workload and efficiency, it significantly surpassed similar operational ranges of that time, such as Sofrinskii, Chapayevskii, and Uralskii.