Вода і водоочисні технології. Науково-технічні вісті

Постійне посилання на фонд

https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/20211

ISSN 2521-151X (Online), ISSN 2218-9300 (Print) Періодичність: 3 рази на рік
Рік заснування: 2010
Тематика: журнал для наукових та технічних спеціалістів водної та суміжною з нею галузей науки і техніки, а також студентів, аспірантів та викладачів ВУЗів. У журналі особлива увага приділяється питанням науково-технічного обґрунтування процесів підготовки води та їх практична реалізація, науковим аспектам проблем якості води та водоочищення.
Офіційний сайт: http://wpt.kpi.ua/

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Зараз показуємо 1 - 20 з 129

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Acid-base properties of natural and activated zeolites and their composites
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2024) Kurylenko, V. S.; Yanushevska, O. I.
This study investigates the acid-base surface characteristics of natural zeolite samples from the Sokyrnytsia deposit (Ukraine). The samples include untreated natural zeolite, its acid-activated form obtained by treatment with nitric acid (HNO3, 2 M) at 40 °C under continuous stirring for 4 hours, and zeolite modified with titanium dioxide, both in its natural and acid-activated forms. The acid-base properties of all zeolite forms and composites were studied using the Hammett indicator method, which involves the selective adsorption of acid-base indicators from solutions onto the surface of solid materials. Significant changes in the distribution of Brønsted acid and base sites on the surface of the investigated zeolite-based samples were observed. X-ray diffraction analysis of the acid-activated natural zeolite revealed that acid treatment induced only minor changes in the phase composition while preserving the crystalline structure of the zeolite compared to the untreated material. The influence of pH on fluoride ion removal efficiency by natural zeolite was also investigated to explain the changes in its surface acid-base properties following acid activation. To confirm the potential redistribution of the electronic configuration on the zeolite surface and the possible blocking of its adsorption properties, additional experiments were conducted on the adsorption removal and photocatalytic degradation of Congo Red dye from solutions using the acid-activated zeolite modified with titanium dioxide. The findings demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of utilizing cost-effective natural Ukrainian zeolites for the development of adsorbents and photocatalysts with tunable acid-base surface properties, which could offer competitive advantages in the removal of various pollutants from water.
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Adsorption of 4-chlorphenol by brown coal activated by potassium hydroxide
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Таmarkina, Yu. V.; Frolova, I. B.; Кucherenko, V. O.
The purpose of the work is to evaluate the 4-chlorophenol (CP) adsorption capacity of brown coal activated carbons (ACs) prepared at different temperature of KOH activation. ACs were obtained in three stages: 1) impregnation of coal with a KOH solution, 2) heating (4 deg/min) in argon to a given temperature t (400-800C) and exposure for 1 h, 3) cooling, washing from KOH, drying. The samples are designated as AC(t). Based on the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, the ACs total pore volume (Vt, cm3 /g) and specific surface area (S, m2 /g) were determined. The ACs adsorption capacities were measured at 25С, CP concentration 700 mg/L, АC dosage – 1 g/L. The alkaline activation temperature was found to be a key factor in forming porosity of ACs and ability to adsorb CP. The CP maximum capacity (ACP(m), mg/g) increases 6.6 times up to 307 mg/g for AC(800) having S=1142 m2 /g. The specific adsorption capacity (ACP(S) = ACP(m)/S, mg/m2 ) sharply decreases in a sample range from AC(400) to AC(550) and weakly depends on temperature at 550-800C. The kinetics of CP adsorption is best described by a pseudo-second order model. The rate determining stage is the interaction of CP molecules with AC surface. The CP adsorption isotherms are best described by the Langmuir model. The dependence of the ACP(m) from S can be approximated by three linear equations that probably correspond to the three regions of forming surface adsorbtion centers (AdCs). The first (S370 m2 /g) is characterized by a small adsorption capacity increment (kS=0.103 mg/m2 ), but a significant (16.4 times) decrease in the specific capacity ACP(S). In the second region (S=370-770 m2 /g, t=550-750C), capacity increment is 10 times more (kS=0.985 mg/m2 ) and in the third region (S770 m2 /g, t750C) the increase in CP capacity is the smallest (kS=0.067 mg/m2 ). The thermoinitiated formation of AdCs is assumed to be not proportional to the increase in surface area, and their chemical structure and reactivity is determined by the alkaline activation temperature.
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Adsorption of arsenic, chromium, lead, cadmium by adsorbents on the basis OF Zr(IV), Ti(IV), Sn(IV), Al(III), Fe(III) oxides
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2018) Kolomiets, Ye. O.; Kudelko, E. O.; Maltseva, T. V.; Vasilyuk, S. L.; Dzyazko, Yu. S.
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Adsorption removal of Cu (II) using Ni-modified silica gel
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2023) Yu, Junjie; Bondarieva, Antonina; Tobilko, Viktoriia; Pavlenko, Volodymyr
The contamination of surface and groundwater with heavy metals represents a significant threat to environmental safety and the health of living organisms. Consequently, the development of new technologies and the improvement of existing ones to clean water bodies from toxicants of various kinds represents an important task. One of the factors influencing the choice of treatment method is the concentration of the pollutant. It is advisable to use adsorption methods for the post treatment of water environmental to the levels of maximum permissible concentrations. In the context of the implementation of adsorption methods, the selection of sorbents that combine high efficiency and low cost with ease of preparation represents an important factor. The aim of this work is to produce a sorbent based on commercial silica gel and nickel oxide. For its synthesis, the thermolysis method was chosen. A series of materials with varying mass ratios of NiO to SiO2 was produced: 1:1 and 0.5:1. The presence of crystalline nickel oxide on the amorphous surface of SiO2 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The main parameters of the porous structure were determined by the method of low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption. With an increase in the amount of the deposited oxide layer, the specific surface area and pore volume of the obtained samples decrease by 1.5-2.5 times compared to the original SiO2. At the same time, the general character of the mesoporous structure is preserved. The optimal conditions for the removal of Cu (II) ions by nickelcontaining composites based on silica gel (pH - 5.5; sorption time - 1 hour) were investigated. The adsorption kinetics is adequately described by a pseudo-second-order model, which indicates a high affinity of copper for the surface of such samples. It was demonstrated that the modification of the SiO2 surface with nickel oxide results in an enhancement of the sorption capacity of materials with respect to Cu (II) ions. The maximum value of copper sorption on the synthesised samples is 10 times higher than on the original SiO2.
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Adsorptive and photocatalytic properties of the ZnO/bentonite/Ag heterojunction
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2023) Klimenkov, Oleksiy; Ivanenko, Iryna
The degradation of organic wastewater pollutants from diverse sources represents a critical scientific challenge, particularly in light of the escalating demand for dyes across various industries. Addressing this challenge entails the exploration of efficient and eco-friendly methods to convert organic pollutants into benign and straightforward compounds, leveraging state-of-the-art photocatalysts. The synthesis was conducted via the novel sol-gel method. Structural, crystalline, elemental and phase parameters were analyzed using X-ray analysis, chemical surface characteristics investigated through infrared spectroscopy, band gap determination performed via diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and evaluation of adsorption and photocatalytic activity carried out for the semiconductor photocatalyst ZnO and heterojunctions incorporating bentonite. The synthesized photocatalysts were employed for the removal of malachite green dye. Equilibrium studies for adsorption were conducted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, revealing a superior fit with the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was determined as 70.4 mg/g using the Langmuir equation. Kinetic parameters indicated that the adsorption of malachite green on bentonite followed a first-order kinetics model where k1=0,152 min-1. The photodegradation efficiency of ZnO, ZnO/bentonite, and Zn/bentonite/Ag was investigated by static experiment under ultraviolet irradiation. Within 60 minutes, a 99.4% photodegradation of the malachite green solution at a concentration of 100 mg/L was achieved using the ternary heterojunction photocatalyst. Remarkably, within just 10 minutes in the presence of the ternary composite, a degree of photocatalytic degradation reaching 72% was attained, which significantly exceeds the results of the binary heterojunction photocatalyst. Thus, the synthesized heterojunction exhibits notable photocatalytic activity, particularly evident within short time intervals. A proposed mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of malachite green is outlined based on existing literature sources.
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Arsenic-containing wastes of water treatment: possible ways of utilization
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2019) Litynska, M.; Gusak, A.; Tolstopalova, N.; Astrelin, I.
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Biological wastewater treatment in context of circular economy
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Dzihora, Y.; Stolyarenko, H.
With the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch, nature is facing a lot of environmental problems that drastically increased in the last century. At the current rate of resource consumption, soon nature will lose the ability for self-restoration. In order to avoid the inevitable consequences of resources exploitation, new approaches should be developed in all areas of human life. Linear economy concepts that were utilized for a long time and were based on the use and disposal of each separate resource depending on the purpose are not sufficient anymore. A more holistic approach should be applied to overcome the challenges that we are facing now. The application of circular economy concepts for wastewater treatment facilities has a great potential to enhance the sustainability of water management. This paper will focus on circular economy concepts applied for modern pilot installation that combines biological treatment and membrane separation and discusses the potential for full-scale implementation. Since the pilot plant was operated without any chemicals addition it eases the use of the waste sludge that is received as a by-product for different purposes as agricultural application and biogas production.
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Biotransformation of wastewater production of bakery yeast with biogas generation
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2022) Bublienko, N.; Zakharova, R.; Stetsenko, N.
Baking yeast enterprises are a source of environmental pollution by concentrated wastewater. They are usually diluted with water and discharged into sewerage. It is rational to use methane fermentation, which will ensure the removal of pollutants and make the process cost-effective through the use of biogas and digestion. Therefore, it is relevant to study the question of the influence of fermentation parameters on the cleaning efficiency. The aim of the work is to study the methane fermentation of yeast production effluents in a continuous mode. Objectives: analysis of solving the problem of wastewater treatment of yeast plants, study of the influence of process parameters (dilution rate, addition of cobalt salts) on the efficiency of treatment; gas generation; vitamin production. Initial COD of effluents 4500 mg O2/dm3 , pH 6. Cultivation regime – continuous, dilution rate 4,1-10–3, 6,2-10–3, 8,2-10–3, 12,4-10–3 hours–1. Cleaning efficiency 78,9 %. High values of dilution rate cause overload of activated sludge, which leads to reduced cleaning efficiency. The presence of cobalt also has a depressant effect. A significant amount of biogas (up to 5,2 dm3 /dm3 ) is produced with a high content of methane (up to 85 %), which is an alternative fuel. As the dilution rate increases, the biogas and methane content decrease. With increasing dilution rate from 4,1-10–3 to 12,4-10–3 hours–1, biogas decreased from 1,11 to 0,94 dm3 /g CODloading, and from 1,43 to 1,39 dm3 /g CODfermentation. Similarly to the effect on the depth of purification, the inhibitory effect of cobalt on methanogeneration is observed. Digestion is a valuable fertilizer with a significant content of cobalamin vitamins (up to 95 сg/g). The addition of cobalt salts stimulates the synthesis of vitamins, providing an increase of 26,7 to 51,6 %, improving the ratio between active and inactive forms.
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Calculation and 3D model of the photocatalytic panel reactor for dyes and phenol degradation
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2019) Valter, K.; Dontsova, T.; Nahirniak, S.; Kontseva, M.
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Ceramic membranes in individual field water treatment
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2020) Kuzminichuk, A. V.; Astrelin, І. М.; Krimets, G. V.
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Ceramic membranes: new trends and prospects (short review)
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2020) Serhiienko, Alla O.; Dontsova, Tetiana A.; Yanushevska, Olena I.; Nahirniak, Svitlana V.; Hosseini-Bandegharaei, Ahmad
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Challenging questions in environmental monitoring of groundwater quality in rural areas of Kyiv’s region
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2020) Serdiuk, Viktoriia; Maksin, Viktor
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Change monitoring of the Dniprо river within Kyiv using satellite information
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2020) Tomchenko, Olha; Panchenko, Roman; Mazurkevich, Lyudmila
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Characterization of sorption materials containing oxides of multivalent metals for use in processes of lithium extraction from salt solutions
(НТУУ «КПІ»; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2016) Chaban, M. A.; Pal’chik, A. V.; Rozhdestvenskaya, L. M.; Vasilyuk, S. L.; Linkov, V. M.; Чабан, М. О.; Пальчик, О. В.; Рождественська, Л. М.; Василюк, С. Л.; Лінков, В. М.
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Coagulant-flocculant from secondary resources for treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Shablovski, V. A.; Tuchkoskaya, А. V.; Rukhlya, V. А.; Pap, О. G.
Coagulants and flocculants are used almost at all drinking water supply facilities, wastewater treatment plants of municipal and industrial enterprises in Belarus and Ukraine to intensify and increase the efficiency of the processes of purification, clarification and discoloration of water and wastewater. Mainly as coagulants aluminum and iron salts are used, as flocculants - active silicic acid, starch, cellulose derivatives, polyacryloamide, etc. Sulfuric acid treatment of alumina-containing raw materials allows, in the course of one process, to obtain a mixture of active substances - salts of aluminum, iron, active SiO2. In this case, there is no need to separate the salt from suspended particles and colloidal silicic acid. The presence of suspended dispersed particles in the active substance, as well as colloidal silicic acid and its salts, enhances and accelerates coagulation. The resulting solution, along with aluminum sulfate, contains silicic acid, which acts as a flocculant in the process of water purification. In addition, the processed products also contain ferrous sulfate, in the presence of which a better coagulation result is achieved. Industrial tests of the coagulant-flocculant were carried out in order to purify wastewater from oil products. The test results showed that the effectiveness of the coagulant-flocculant in reducing the content of oil products in wastewater is comparable to the currently used aluminum sulfate. The effectiveness of the developed coagulant-flocculant for the purification of drinking water was evaluated in comparative tests with a coagulant “Polvak-68” in the mode of trial coagulation on a laboratory flocculator. The research results are showed that the value of all parameters characterizing the contamination of the source water are highty decreasing for experimental coagulant-flocculant in compare with regular product.
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Comment on the article «Solid CaCO3 formation in waters of circulating cooling systems of power plants under the conditions of electric load change»
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2020) Kochmarskii, V. Z.
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Concentration of soluble salts in cooling water of power plants with blow down recirculation
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Kochmarskii, V. Z.; Kostiuk, O. P.; Filipovych, Y. Y.
The method for calculating the dynamics of concentration of soluble salts (tracers) using the assumption of their homogeneous distribution in the water volume of the circulated cooling system (CCS) under the conditions of recirculation of part of the purge water was proposed. The assumption of homogeneity of salt distribution is substantiated by the fact that the period of mixing of cold water (CW) in CCS is equal to several hours, and the period of setting the concentration limits is calculated in tens of days. In this approximation the law of change of concentration of tracers in time from the moment of their supply in CCS in modes without and with recirculation of a part of purge water and without any processing is received. It is shown that without recirculating treatment, recirculation of purge water increases the maximum salt concentration and the time to reach it. Attention is drawn to the fact that the flow rate consists of two parts: controlled and uncontrolled. When calculating the allowable amount of purge recirculation, it is necessary to use the value of the total purge flow. It is important to understand that the relative change in total purge is always less than the controlled one. To obtain the cost of full purge, it is necessary to calculate its uncontrolled part. The procedure for calculating the uncontrolled purge is given in the paper. Since there are restrictions for of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) on the concentrations of tracers in the CCS, the expressions obtained in this work are consistent with the requirements of the MAC and allow for a given degree of concentration of salts , to calculate the limit of recirculation flow. It is shown that the recirculation regime can be applied without additional measures for CCS with a low initial degree of salt concentration and low concentration in the feed water. The proposed algorithm is used to predict the results of recirculation in the case of a specific CСS for thermal power plants with an electrical capacity of 1200 MW and the ratio CMAC/C0 = 5. It is shown that in this case recirculation has significant economic and environmental effects. However, at high, concentrations of tracers C0, compared to MAC, feed water recirculation is meaningless. The calculation algorithm applies to tracers, i.e. salts that do not give deposits, but only limited by the MAC requirements and the risk of corrosion or environmental considerations. Therefore, the above technique cannot be directly used for sparingly soluble salts, such as calcium carbonate. In this case, it requires significant correction. Note the convenient use in calculations of the earlier introduced by us concept of regime (dynamic) factor , especially when comparing the real consumption of the main flows of ССS to calculated and in determining the evaporative capacity of cooling towers, or assessing the degree of salt concentration.
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Control of cooling water stability with respect to carbonate deposits
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2020) Kochmarskii, V. Z.
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Cycles of solar activity as a basis for forecasting the quality of Dnieper water
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Kulishenko, O.; Klymenko, N.
One of the main features of the quality of the Dnieper water is the content of natural organic substances which determine the water oxidizability and color indexes. A special problem is that organic substances are poorly removed by water treatment plants. A significant problem in the operation of water treatment plants is the unpredictability of annual changes in the quality of Dnieper water, which complicates logistics management, for example, the supply of reagents. Many years of experience related to the Dnieper water supply station in Kyiv (DnWS) have led to the hypothesis that these changes are in some way related to the cycles of solar activity. The purpose of this work is to test this hypothesis to substantiate the possibility of predicting the quality of Dnieper water depending on the action of such a global factor as solar activity. The work was performed by statistical methods using 60-year results of Dnieper water analyzes provided by the DnWS laboratory, as well as Wolf numbers (Sunspot Numbers) provided for free use by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. The influence of solar activity on the quality indicators of Dnieper water, especially in its peak and post-peak periods, has been statistically confirmed. The interaction of biological and physicochemical parameters as factors influencing water quality is shown. As a result of the construction of six reservoirs in 1931-1976, the Dnieper from the river actually turned into a network of water bodies. Now these reservoirs are a kind of reactors in which water is treated by electromagnetic solar radiation, which leads to the cyclic transformation of phytoplankton and natural organic matter. Taking into account the cycles of solar activity, the logistical planning of the operation of water treatment facilities receives an independent "base", changes in which can be predicted with some reliability for years to come.
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Decomposition mechanism and dissociation constants of bicarbonate ions
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2023) Kontsevoi, S.
Using carbonic acid to explain pH changes in aqueous solutions is invalid due to its undetectability under normal temperature and pressure conditions. Instead, two reversible reactions involving the decomposition of HCO3 - ions into OH- and CO2 or H+ and CO3 2- should be employed. The second reaction (H-mechanism) is well known as the basis for the second dissociation constant of “carbonic acid”. For the first reaction (OH-mechanism), the formula has been derived from the first imaginary constant of the same acid. That is, the researchers experimentally determined the proposed constant based on the results of pH value, CO2 and HCO3 - concentrations, but calculated the imaginary constant from these values. The pH increase observed following filtration on the cationic resin in Na+ form is attributed to the weakened HCO3 - decomposition via the H-mechanism, resulting in decreased H+ and CO3 2- concentrations. A significant decrease in Ca2+ concentration (from 5.0 to 0.05 mmol/dm3 ) is the main reason for the observed phenomenon, as it leads to a decrease in the driving force of calcium carbonate formation. The mechanism of bicarbonate ions decomposition based on two reactions has been confirmed experimentally. An increase in the pH of the mixture of CaCl2 and NaHCO3 solutions (both with the same pH and concentration) indicates the Hmechanism, while a decrease in the pH indicates the OH-mechanism decomposition of bicarbonate ions. The pH value at which the pH does not change indicates a change in the decomposition mechanism. The change in the HCO3 - dissociation mechanism depends on hardness and alkalinity, and the pH of this change decreases from softened water (pH 8.30) to seawater (pH 7.5).

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