Коагуляційна композиція на основі українських каолінів

Abstract

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.17.01 – технологія неорганічних речовин. Національний технічний університет України „ Київський політехнічний інститут”, Київ, 2011. Дисертація присвячена розробці технології одержання порошкоподібного комплексного реагенту для очистки води з української каолінвмісної низькоякісної сировини. Проведено фізико-механічне та хімічне дослідження низькоякісних каолінових глин і науково обґрунтовано технологічну і економічну доцільність одержання на основі останніх комплексного реагента, який містить сульфат алюмінію. Встановлено, що оптимальним методом переробки низькоякісних каолінових глин є сульфатнокислотне спікання за температури не вище 573 К. Запропоновано механізм перебігу процесу сульфатизації та досліджено його основні кінетичні параметри. Проведено дослідно-промислові випробування технології та одержано дослідну партію реагенту. В лабораторних та промислових умовах доведено високу ефективність отриманого зразку у порівнянні з існуючими аналогами. Розраховані основні економічні показники технології.

Диссертация на соискания научной степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 05.17.01 – технология неорганических веществ. Национальный технический университет Украины „ Киевский политехнический институт”, Киев, 2011. Диссертация посвящена разработке технологии получения порошковидного комплексного реагента для очистки воды из украинского низкокачественного каолинового сырья. Проведены физико-механические и химические исследования низкокачественных каолиновых глин и научно об основана технологическая и экономическая целесообразность получения на их основе комплексного реагента, содержащего сульфат алюминия. Установлено, что оптимальным методом переработки низкокачественных каолиновых глин является сульфатнокислотное спекание при температуре не выше 573 К. Предложен механизм протекания процесса сульфатизации и исследованы его основные кинетические параметры. Проведены опытно-промышленные испытания технологии и получена опытная партия реагента. В лабораторных и промышленных условиях показана высокая эффективность полученного реагента в сравнении с существующими аналогами. Рассчитаны основные экономические показатели технологии.

Dissertation on the receipt of scientific degree of candidate of engineerings sciences after speciality 05.17.01 is technology of inorganics substances. National technical university of Ukraine „ Kiev polytechnic institute”, Kiev 2011. Dissertation is devoted development of technology of receipt of powder complex reagent for water treatment from Ukrainian kaolin of bad quality raw material. The complex is conducted physical-mechanical and chemical research of bad quality kaolin clays and of principle possibility of processing of the last is rotined on a complex reagent on the basis of sulfate of aluminium. Chemical and physicalmechanical Research found that low-quality kaolin Ukrainian deposits consist of 97 % kaolinite. In the samples had traces of oxides of iron, magnesium and manganese, but the bulk of insoluble impurities (about 2%) is presented in the form of silicon compounds - quartz. Certainly basic physical and mechanical descriptions of kaolin clays and recommendations are offered, that to the storage transporting and dosage of the last. It is set that the optimum method of processing of bad quality kaolin clays is sulfate acid caking for temperatures not higher 573K. Based on an understanding of the kinetics of the process was a rational synthesis time which was 60 minutes. There were no major losses of sulfuric acid in the gas phase and as a consequence of entrainment of the latter was not observed from the reaction zone. The mechanism of 19 flowing of process of sulfatizatstiya is offered and the basic kinetic parameters of process are expected. It is set that a process flows in two stages which are described equalizations : first stage - Kolomogorova Erofeeva, and second - Roginskogo. Establishment of mechanism of motion of process allowed to ground technological time of leadthrough of proces, which made 60 minutes. Industrial tests were carried out on experimental industrial plant for assembly Shostkinsky plant chemicals. The industrial tests of technology are conducted experimentally and experimental party of reagent, which made a 1000 kilogram, is got. Studied physical and chemical and physical-mechanical properties of the synthesized crude aluminum sulfate, namely, bulk density (1.46 g/cm3) and the ability to seal for air-dried samples, the relative density (1.47 g/cm3) and freezing temperature (270K) for wet samples, dispersion, on the basis of which developed recommendations for the selection of necessary equipment and equipment for the extraction of kaolin from the storage, transportation, preparation for use and dosage. In laboratory and industrial terms high efficiency of work is rotined got a standard in comparing to the existent analogues during cleaning of from different admixtures. Optimal doses of reagent for the purification of water from a variety of pollutants and a comparison with the existing reagent obtained. As an existent analogue used the cleared sulfate of aluminium comparison with the industrial design sample showed high more efficiently clean water from a variety of pollutants. During the experiments it was shown that treatment as a model and real water containing in its composition as a component to pollution that many. The optimal dose for the removal of most pollutants (except heavy metal ions) is a dose of 35 - 40 ppmAl2O3 (to remove heavy metal ions should be applied dose of 60 - 70 ppmAl2O3). The optimum pH range of the synthesized sample, which is 3 - 6 and 8 - 9. Shown and proven the existence flokulyatsiynyh properties of the synthesized reagent crude aluminum sulfate. Shown that the reagent has received some sorption properties and defined specific surface, which is 108 m2 / g and pore volume for benzene - 0.24 cm3 / g. An experimental-industrial tests of the synthesized reagent and proved its high efficiency in the process of electroplating wastewater treatment plants. Effective cleaning of waste water contaminated with heavy metals, could be a result of three factors, namely sorption of heavy metal ions in water-insoluble phase of the synthesized composite coagulant from Ukrainian raw materials kaolin, sorption of heavy metal ions in the fresh aluminum hydroxide and the formation of insoluble metal silicates by revenue in the cleansed solution soluble silicon compounds. Using the resulting composite coagulant based on Ukrainian kaolin raw material for purification of water pollution and heavy metals allowed to clean waste water to the use of technological standards The basic economic indicators of technology are expected and rotined it investment attractiveness. Production of crude aluminum sulfate coagulant for the technology is feasible and justified.The cost of one kilogram of coagulant is 10.46 grn / kg.Profits at the level of profitability of 18% will be 0.98 million / year, with production of 3,000 t / year proposed coagulant.The return on investment -5.83 years.