Трансформаційні процеси в Латинській Америці: теоретико-методологічний аспект

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dc.contributor.authorБессараб, Т. В.
dc.contributor.authorBessarab, T.
dc.date.accessioned2016-07-06T07:27:25Z
dc.date.available2016-07-06T07:27:25Z
dc.date.issued2013
dc.description.abstractenIn modern political science literature is constantly growing interest in the study of patterns of democratization and transition to democracy in various countries and regions of the world. In today's environment, democracy can act in many different guises, being both a principle of governance in the national political system and universal principle of the constitution of any social organization, ideology and even global scale. As western analysts who developed transitology, mainly relying on the examples of the transformation processes of Southern Europe and Latin America. And the experience and the model of transformation processes in Latin America have become an important model for the post-communist transition process in Central and Eastern Europe. As the transition process in the countries of Latin America are considered the classic example for this approach. Therefore, it is important to study in detail the methodological basis to understand phenomena in the region by different scientists in the world. This article focuses on the definition of the dynamics of development of democratic transit, which focuses on the phases and stages of democratic transition in Latin America. Different approaches to the conceptualization of transition the types of political regimes from one qualitative state to another, highlighting, in particular, the main stages of such transits, their actors with their inherent behavioral strategy nature of conflict between them and the methods to solve them were analised in this article. The classic representatives of transitology are considered to be D. Rastou, S. Huntington, J. Linz, F. Shmitter, G. O'Donnell, A. Przeworski and others. Samuel Huntington identifies the basic principles transitology based on the generalization of experience of Latin America in the book "The Third Wave". S. Huntington identifies three main options for democratic transitions: the transformation / reform; replacement / breakthrough; trans substitution, after which comes the consolidation of the new regime. The transformation reflects a certain point in the development of a facility or system, characterized by the transition from the accumulation of certain new features and principles of the destruction of the old, the formation of a qualitatively new state of the system. An indication of the urgency of this change is the emergence of problematic situations that can not be resolved in the former system of relations. Then there is a need to transform – to change shape, move from one form to another, change. This process causes raise the question of the mechanisms of transformation requires knowledge of the original shape, and the characteristics and properties of the original shape. As part of these changes may coexist in parallel, both old and new elements. Thus there is a gradual transformation of the old into the new structures, new social structures. The theoretical approach of the American researcher A. Przeworski in his work "Democracy and the market. Political and economic changes in Eastern Europe and Latin America "was most popular during the third phase of transitology, characterized the first attempt to test transitology. In his analysis A. Przeworski identifies four major political forces involved in the democratization process: 1) "the supporters of hard line," 2) "reformers" within the authoritarian bloc, 3) "moderates" and 4) "radical" opposition. According to him, liberalization is usually the result of interaction between the divisions within the authoritarian regime and the pressure of civil society, liberalization can be done in two ways (above or below), depending on what is manifest earlier and brighter: the split in the power or mass movement. Projects of liberalization from above always assume a controlled "open" of political space, their goal is to reduce the level of social tension and the strengthening of the social base of the regime by using the inclusion of new legitimate groups and / or organizations. If liberalization does not cause reverse strengthening of authoritarianism, then a transition to the first stage of democracy – namely, the release from the authoritarian regime. Transitology as a classic example of the transition process in Latin America in the context of which we analyze different approaches to conceptualizing types of political regimes transition from one qualitative state to another, highlighting, in particular, the main stages of such transits, their actors with their inherent behavioral strategy nature of conflict between them and methods of their solutions, as well as the establishment of a consolidated democracy, to allow for further research theoretically and empirically adequate analysis of current political processes of the Latin American region, political regimes which are objectively are at a new level.uk
dc.description.abstractruДанная статья посвящена изучению динамики развития демократического транзита, в которой особое внимание уделяется фазам и этапам демократического перехода в странах Латинской Америки. Проанализировано различные подходы к концептуализациы перехода типов политических режимов из одного качественного состояния в другое, выделив, в частности, основные этапы таких транзитов, их актеров с присущей им стратегиями поведения, характер конфликтов между ними и методы их решения.uk
dc.description.abstractukДана стаття присвячена вивченню динаміки розвитку демократичного транзиту, в якій особлива увага приділяється фазам і етапам демократичного переходу в країнах Латинської Америки. Проаналізовано різні підходи до концептуалізації переходу типів політичних режимів з одного якісного стану в інший, виділивши, зокрема, основні етапи таких транзитів, їх акторів з притаманною їм стратегіями поведінки, характером конфліктів між ними і методами їх вирішення.uk
dc.format.pagerangeС. 7-11uk
dc.identifier.citationБессараб Т. В. Трансформаційні процеси в Латинській Америці: теоретико-методологічний аспект / Бессараб Т. В. // Вісник НТУУ «КПІ». Політологія. Соціологія. Право : збірник наукових праць. – 2013. – № 3 (19). – С. 7–11. – Бібліогр.: 11 назв.uk
dc.identifier.urihttps://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/16868
dc.language.isoukuk
dc.publisherПолітехнікаuk
dc.publisher.placeКиївuk
dc.source.nameВісник НТУУ «КПІ». Політологія. Соціологія. Право: збірник наукових працьuk
dc.status.pubpublisheduk
dc.subjectтранзитологічний підхідuk
dc.subjectтрансформаціяuk
dc.subjectтеорія залежного розвиткуuk
dc.subjectЛатинська Америкаuk
dc.subjecttransitologyuk
dc.subjecttransformationuk
dc.subjecttheory of dependent developmentuk
dc.subjectLatin Americauk
dc.subject.udc323.212uk
dc.titleТрансформаційні процеси в Латинській Америці: теоретико-методологічний аспектuk
dc.title.alternativeTransformation processes in Latin America: theoretical and methodological aspectsuk
dc.typeArticleuk
thesis.degree.level-uk

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Вісник НТУУ «КПІ». Політологія. Соціологія. Право: збірник наукових праць, № 3 (19)