Аналіз стабілограм людини, отриманих під час виконання фізичних вправ
| dc.contributor.advisor | Попов, Антон Олександрович | |
| dc.contributor.author | Алекперов, Ельдар Натікович | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-16T10:00:41Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-16T10:00:41Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Обʼєктом роботи є здатність людини підтримувати баланс тіла. Предмет роботи - методи та технічні засоби дослідження балансу тіла людини. Метою роботи є вивчення методичного та технічного забезпечення стабілограм, а також визначення балансу тіла людини та положення центра мас тіла. У першому розділі надані теоретичні відомості про біологічну систему підтримки балансу людини, методи діагностики для виявлення та обстеження порушень балансу людини, також наведені сфери застосування дослідження балансу тіла людини. У другому розділі наведені методи дослідження балансу людини, техніка та методи стабілографії, а також методи аналізу даних стабілограм з посиланням на наукові роботи, в яких вони застосовуються,де описано як та для чого вони застосовуються. У третьому розділі описаний експеримент, який був проведений з використанням стабілографічної платформи для перевірки балансу, та застосуванням методів аналізу стабілограм. | |
| dc.description.abstractother | Balance is achieved and maintained by a complex set of sensorimotor control systems, which include sensory input from sight (vision), proprioception (touch) and vestibular system (movement, balance, spatial orientation); integration of this sensory input; and motor impact ot the eyes and muscles of the body. Trauma, illness, certain medications, or the aging process can affect one or more of these components. In addition to sensory information, there may also be psychological factors that disrupt a person's sense of balance. Balance maintenance depends on information received by the brain from three peripheral sources: eyes, muscles and joints, and vestibular organs. Al three sources of information send signals to the brain in the form of nerve impulses from special nerve endings called sensory receptors. To identify and examine human imbalances, there are various tests for diagnosis Such tests may include: imaging tests, such as MRI or computed tomography; motor functional tests; behavioral hearing tests; otoacoustic emission test (OAE); electronystagmogram (ENG); videonistagmography (VNG);auditory brain stem response (ABR) test; posturography. Studies of balance function, proprioceptive system, visual analyzer, vestibular apparatus and other body functions directly or indirectly related to maintaining balance are widel used in medicine. Diagnosis and rehabilitation in physical culture and sports is carried out using the same methods as in normal clinical practice, only taking into account the level of physical performance of the athlete, the nature of injuries and mutilation, the speed of recovery processes. Studies of the balance in this area allow to diagnose disorders of the vestibular and musculoskeletal (in the detection of various injuries), imbalance (connection with the pathology of the central and peripheral nervous system). Sports motor activity involves the ability of a person to maintain certain working postures, to modify them, maintaining the balance of his body in space. Biomechanical movements and postures often determine the end result of a person's activity and are therefore the subject of detailed research by specialists. The study of the body balance of children with cerebral palsy is of great importance in the development of pedagogical programs in professional motor didactics. The study of the mechanisms of regulation of the vertical posture of man is an urgent task in the development of methods for the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders of the central nervous system and musculoskeletal system. In the process of studying human motor actions, various methods of research and control are used. Such methods include visual and instrumental methods of movement control. When using the visual method of motion control, results are obtained that are not based on clear criteria for evaluating movements, so they are difficult to use for comparative analysis. Therefore, more objective are instrumental methods of control - contact and non- contact. At contact methods of research the information is transferred by electric signals on wires or radio waves. These methods are based on the conversion of a measured physical quantity, which objectively reflects certain qualities of human movements, into an electrical signal, followed by measurement and registration. They are designed to record bioelectrical processes and to measure the most important kinematic and dynamic characteristics of human motor activity.Contact research methods include electrotensin dynamography, stabilography, myotonography, electromyography, accelerometry. Among non-contact methods of human movement control, biomechanical analysis based on photo, film and video shooting has become the most popular. Biomechanical characteristics help to understand the complex mechanisms of movement formation and find ways to master them, improve them and correct possible errors. Modern studies of indicators are performed by video computer analyzers of the biomechanical structure of human movements. Today, high-precision quantitative biomechanical analysis of human motor actions is performed using a variety of video analysis systems using digital cameras and camcorders. Non-contact research methods include: 1 The method of strobe photography; 2. Method of video recording; 3. The method ofkinograms. Stabilography is a technique that provides the possibility of quantitative and qualitative analysis of standing stability. The curve that reflects the oscillations of the center of gravity of the body is called a stabilogram. A stabilographic platform is a must for the study. A stabilographic platform is a device that is a platform that is equipped with sensors for measuring the vertical component of pressure to determine the center ofpressure created by a person standing on the platform. The method of analysis Detrended Moving Average (DMA) is widely used ni several variants to characterize the long-range correlations of random signals and sets (one-dimensional sequences or arrays) over time or space. The DMA algorithm propose as an alternative method for quantifying long-range correlations. Using an analytical approach based on continuous time approximation and single-frequency DMA response, explain methodological features such as DMA characteristics, especially higher-order ones, and the relationship between DMA and power spectral analysis. Based on the exact calculation of the single-frequency response 8 function under conditions of continuous time approximation, a direct relationship between DMA and spectral power analysis can be obtained. Then such ratios are used to obtain a number of scaling characteristics, such as the degree of power reduction, frequency response, asymptotic behavior, the upper limit of the scaling index and the behavior of the final range of the scale. In thesis considers a new class ofmixed oscillations with different directions and features of fractal scaling as a model for anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) trajectories, which occur mainly in complex systems. In order to decompose such similar mixed oscillations into orthogonally oriented components, was developed an analysis of oriented fractal scale components (OFSCA). In OFSCA, the original orientations are determined on the basis of the principles according to which the initial angles are orthogonal to the angles with the minimum and maximum scale indices of mixed oscillations. In this analysis, angle-dependent scaling properties are evaluated using a DMA analysis based on the Savitsky-Goley filter, which has a higher order of trend removal than a conventional DMA based on a moving average filter. To illustrate OFSCA, it is demonstrated that the numerically generated time series of mixed fractional Gaussian noise (fGn) processes with nonorthogonal orientation and different scaling indicators are successfully decomposed into the original components of fGn. The presence of oriented components in two-dimensional trajectories is also demonstrated, using OFSCA to real time series, such as oscillations of the human position during the standing position. The purpose and aim of the experiment was to determine the balance of the human body and the position of the center of mass of the body. The experiment was conducted on the basis of the National University of Physical Education and Sport of Ukraine in a special laboratory. Athletes of different skill levels took part in the experiment. As a result of the experiment, it was necessary to find out how the training and level of the athlete affects the position of the center of mass, and how the position depends on the various exercises during which this result is recorded. Parameters are fixed using the Wii board. Everyone who participates in the experiment must get up on the platform and start performing the exercises specified by a 9 particular experiment for a certain time, to fix the necessary parameters. After receiving the results, perform only their processing using selected methods. During the experiment, files were obtained with data on the position of the center of mass of the person when performing the specified exercises. To analyze the obtained exponents during the calculation ni the experimental part, the t-test and t-test of Wilcoxon were performed. | |
| dc.format.extent | 82 с. | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Алекперов, Е. Н. Аналіз стабілограм людини, отриманих під час виконання фізичних вправ : дипломна робота … бакалавра : 153 Мікро- та наносистемна техніка / Алекперов Ельдар Натікович. – Київ, 2021. – 82 с. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/78182 | |
| dc.language.iso | uk | |
| dc.publisher | КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського | |
| dc.publisher.place | Київ | |
| dc.subject | стабілографія | uk |
| dc.subject | стабілографічна платформа | uk |
| dc.subject | дослідження балансу | uk |
| dc.subject | аналіз стабілограм | uk |
| dc.title | Аналіз стабілограм людини, отриманих під час виконання фізичних вправ | uk |
| dc.type | Bachelor Thesis | uk |
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