Методика керування пропорційними клапанами в апаратах штучної вентиляції легень
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ніколов, Микола Олександрович | |
| dc.contributor.author | Яричевський, Олександр Олексійович | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-29T12:16:46Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-08-29T12:16:46Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Дана дипломна робота присвячена удосконаленню методики калібрування пропорційних клапанів для апаратів ШВЛ. Для досягнення цієї мети необхідно було виконувати наступні завдання: 1. Ознайомитись з принципом роботи апарату ШВЛ високого тиску на прикладі ВЕНТ-402 (ТОВ «Компанія «Ютас»»); 2. Ознайомитись з принципами роботи пропорційних клапанів апаратів ШВЛ та з характерними для них пневматичними ефектами; 3. Провести аналіз експериментальних даних для можливості побудови калібрувальних залежностей пропорційних клапанів. Ключові висновки по результатам дослідження : При різних фазових умовах в ресивері, пряме керування пропорційними клапанами має відбуватися за різними аналітичними функціями. При апроксимації експериментальних даних P=f(I,F/P) поліномами другого ступеня середня квадратична похибка склала 4-6%. Для удосконалення методики калібрування пропорційних клапанів апаратів ШВЛ в подальшому необхідно врахування: індуктивності клапана, критичних точок, що відповідають умовам досягнення швидкості потоку газу швидкості звуку. | uk |
| dc.description.abstractother | This thematic work is devoted to improving the method of calibration of proportional valves for ventilators. To achieve this goal it was necessary to perform the following tasks: 1. Conduct a literary review of the principle of operation of proportional pneumatic valves . 2. To study the principle of operation of high pressure ventilators . 3. Study the method of obtaining the initial data for calibration of proportional valves . 4. Analyze signals that calibrate proportional valves . The solution to the tasks was carried out through the use of the following research methods: 1. General method (analysis, synthesis and processing of information obtained from sources used in the writing). 2. Experimental method (modeling the situation, built earlier under the implemented algorithm, for the subsequent comparison of the results and checking them for accuracy, objectivity). The main problem of this work is the improvement of proportional valves for high pressure ventilators. Artificial lung ventilation (ALV) is a technology that, with the help of specialized hardware, allows to deliver air and other gas mixtures to the lungs, ensuring the life of the patient. Timely and continuous improvement of this technology and its components opens new opportunities for the interaction of the ventilator with the patient. Modern microprocessor technologies allow the use of complex algorithms for control and management of ventilation. One of the personal engineering solutions is high-pressure ventilation devices where the source of oxygen is special receivers (cylinders, compressors, generators). The supply of the gas mixture to the patient is provided by proportional valves, the accuracy of control of which depends on the therapeutic effect. However, the calibration dependences of these valves are nonlineable, which leads to significant control failures , this causes the main purpose of this work. So, the purpose of this thematic work is to study the characteristics of proportional valves of ventilators for further improvement of the method of their calibration. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: - - Get acquainted with the principle of operation of high-pressure ventilator on the example of VENT-402 (LLC "Company "Utas"); - - Get acquainted with the principles of operation of proportional valves of ventilators and their characteristic pneumatic effects; - Analyze experimental data for the possibility of constructing gauge dependencies of proportional valves. In the first section, the principles of the proportional pneumatic valves were considered. The structure and features of the main types of electromagnetic valves are described: direct, indirect and combined action. Where the valves of direct and indirect action are divided into normally open and normally closed. However, when created electromagnetic valves of direct action there is a certain complexity and it manifests itself with a degree of increase in their size. This is due to a sharp increase in the reel retrauting force required to lift the core and open the valve. To reduce the power consumption of solenoid valves of large diameters and to work with high pressures, the design of the indirect electromagnetic valve was developed. In such electromagnetic valves, the main transition is blocked by a membrane that is pressed against the saddle. The characteristics of the flow adjustment shown on the hysteresis loop are described, thanks to which it is possible to assess the performance of the valve . As well as the principles of leakage, classification of liquid leakage through holes and nozzles and the main areas of application of valves with a higher level of sterility and technological safety requirements. The principles of operation of ventilators, their advantages and disadvantages that should be paid attention to when developing clad and yogic software are analyzed. The second section discussed and described basic information about the VENT high pressure ventilator. The supported modes of ventilation of lungs, adjustable parameters of the device and the special functions supported by it including functions of graphic monitoring are listed. The image of the device in figures is shown and its main components are listed. On the basis of the pneumatic scheme of the high pressure ventilator (LLC "Company "UTAS") the principles of operation of the corresponding devices and the principle of its operation were studied. The third section investigated the main characteristics of proportional valves, analyzed experimental data and obtaining gauge curves based on polynomial appmaximation. To obtain a valve gauge curve, you need to build a three-dimensional surface F=f(I,P). To do this, measured isolini F=f(P), at fixed values and or isolini, depending on the performance / conductivity of the valve. Since the proportional valves are characterized by hysteresis, the measurements at increased pressure in the receiver and when it decreases were carried out separately. Increased pressure provided valve 3A. With a sharp change in pressure in the receiver, the number of measurement points (discrete measurement values) was insufficient (10-100 values) for the correct construction of the appeximation function. Therefore, to increase the statistics, the valve 3A opened at a fixed time interval of 0.5c-2c. The criterion for attritaining measuring points to dependencies corresponding to the increase in pressure in the receiver and its decrease was the assessment of the pressure derivative in the receiver . To do this, the data that was measured initially smoothed by the Gauss filter of the 7th order . In the study of the proportional valve, the rate of change of flow was also assessed depending on the rate of pressure change. From the research obtained according to this method, certain conclusions were obtained: 1. Control of the proportional valve in different phase states of "increase" or "decrease" of pressure in the receiver should occur according to various analytical functions. In turn, this causes the need to build calibrative dependencies with increased and reduced pressure in the receiver separately. 2. When approximation P=f(I,F/P) polynomials established that for the best modeling quality, the degree by current is advisable to choose no more than 1, and the performance is not more than 2 . 3. When approximation of experimental data by second degree polynomies, the average quadratic pressure error is 214 cmH2O to increase pressure and 164 cmH2O at reduced pressure in the receiver, which corresponds to about 4-6%. Therefore, in order to improve the calibration method of proportional valves, for ventilators in the future it is necessary to take into account: inductance of the valve, critical points that meet the conditions for achieving the speed of gas at the speed of sound speed. Therefore, the advance and correct adjustment of the proportional pneumatic valves will have a positive impact on the operation of the entire ventilator and will not carry a large financial burden on the manufacturer, which will make the improvement dentable. The relevance of this scientific work is due to the fact that artificial ventilation of the lungs is one of the sections that has the greatest dynamics of development in intensive care .And people's lives directly depend on the quality, efficiency and correctness of the devices . The work contains: 70, 20 drawings, 4 tables, 9 sources used. It consists of content, introduction, three sections, a conclusion, a list of used sources. | uk |
| dc.format.extent | 74 с. | uk |
| dc.identifier.citation | Яричевський, О. О. Методика керування пропорційними клапанами в апаратах штучної вентиляції легень : дипломна робота … бакалавра : 153 Мікро- та наносистемна техніка / Яричевський Олександр Олексійович. – Київ, 2021. – 74 с. | uk |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/59618 | |
| dc.language.iso | uk | uk |
| dc.publisher | КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського | uk |
| dc.publisher.place | Київ | uk |
| dc.subject | штучна вентиляція легень | uk |
| dc.subject | пропорційне керування | uk |
| dc.subject | пневматичний клапан | uk |
| dc.subject | методика калібрування | uk |
| dc.subject | легені | uk |
| dc.subject | вентиляція | uk |
| dc.title | Методика керування пропорційними клапанами в апаратах штучної вентиляції легень | uk |
| dc.type | Bachelor Thesis | uk |
Файли
Контейнер файлів
1 - 1 з 1
Вантажиться...
- Назва:
- Iarychevskyi_bakalavr.pdf
- Розмір:
- 2.3 MB
- Формат:
- Adobe Portable Document Format
- Опис:
Ліцензійна угода
1 - 1 з 1
Ескіз недоступний
- Назва:
- license.txt
- Розмір:
- 9.1 KB
- Формат:
- Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
- Опис: