Система моніторингу та керування освітленням за допомогою бездротового датчику
| dc.contributor.advisor | Прокопенко, Юрій Васильович | |
| dc.contributor.author | Шіптенко, Андрій Ігорович | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-08-29T12:23:49Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2023-08-29T12:23:49Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Об’єктом дослідження є система моніторингу та керування освітленням за допомогою бездротового датчика. Предмет роботи – дослідження параметрів освітленості, мікроконтролерів та їх характеристик, бездротових технологій їх зв’язку та керування. Метою цієї дипломної роботи є розробка системи моніторингу та керування освітленням, яка допоможе економити електроенергію та подовжити термін служби джерел світла. В цьому макеті буде використовуватися датчик освітленості, для контролю та раціонального використання джерел світла. Вмикання та вимикання світла буде здійснюватися автоматично. У першому розділі описано параметри освітленості, її норми та про прилади для її вимірювання. Також було описано існуючі види ламп. У другому розділі розглянуто мікроконтролери, з чого вони складаються та яку периферію до них можна підключити. У третьому розділі проведено огляд інтернету речей, його можливості підключення та використання. У четвертому розділі описано розроблення макету системи моніторингу та керування освітленням за допомогою бездротового датчику та про її моніторинг через смартфон. | uk |
| dc.description.abstractother | Nowadays we can`t imagine our life without the light. It is necessary almost everywhere: on the street for lighting roads and adjacent territories, in car headlights, for indoor lighting of premises, and for growing plants. Today, saving energy resources is a very important issue. The service life of lamps is also an important factor. The ability to control lighting can help with these important issues. Also, the occurrence of automation is becoming very common, looking at the trends in the development of information technologies in our time. In the field of lighting, an automation system can also find its purpose, for example, to control lighting in the “smart home” system. Nowadays, “smart home” technology is one of the important things of any modern home or apartment. With a smart home, you can control many things, such as: climate, lighting, control electronic locks and security systems, use them for temperature monitoring, etc. All these systems can be combined into one “smart home” ecosystem, which can be controlled from a single device. In our case, it is necessary for monitoring and controlling lighting. The system will be able to automatically measure the amount of illumination and turn on the light if necessary. Using your smartphone, you can receive notifications about the system status and be able to track the switching on and off of lights. The object of research is a system for monitoring and controlling lighting using a wireless sensor. The subject of the work is the study of light parameters, microcontrollers and their characteristics, wireless technologies for their communication and control, creating a layout. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a lighting monitoring and control system that will help save electricity and extend the service life of light sources. This layoutwill use a light sensor to monitor and efficiently use light sources. The light will be switched on and off by using a relay. Parameters of illumination, its norms were described in the first chapter. Illuminance is a quantity that reflects the amount of light that falls on a unit of area, measured in lux (lux). The device for measuring is luxmeter. Using the luxmeter, one can find out accurate information about the light level at home or apartment. It has a built-in photocell that captures light and converts its energy into electrical energy. The luxmeter then measures it with a microammeter. In order to measure higher light conditions, you can use special light diffusers. With the help of these nozzles, the light stream incident on the photocell is attenuated by a certain number of times. Corrective light filters are used in high-end luxmeters, so that the spectral sensitivity of the photocell becomes close to the human eye. These types of luxmeters use equipment to reduce the error when measuring the illumination that is created by oblique light. As with any measuring devices, luxmeters have an error. In the best models of these devices the minimum error is about 1%. Also, photocells and photoresistors, their advantages and disadvantages were described as well. A photocell is a device that converts some of the light energy into electricity due to the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect. According to their design features, there are electro - vacuum and semiconductor photocells, and according to the principle of operation-with an internal and external photoelectric effect. A photocell works like a photodiode. The difference is that the photocell has a much larger area. Photoresistors were also considered and compared with photovoltaic cells, the advantages and disadvantages of each of them are listed. A photoresistor is less photosensitive than a photodiode. This is because the photodiode is a semiconductor element, and the photoresistor does not have a p-n junction and is also a passive component. The photopere can vary greatly depending on the ambient temperature. So from this we can conclude that photoresistors are unsuitable for accurate light measurements. Light sources themselves also play an important role in lighting, since the human eye perceives the same light index, but with different color temperatures in different ways. For example, cold white light will appear the brightest, and warm light will appear the softest. Lamps are used for gardening, industrial lighting, residential lighting, plant propagation, etc. although most growing lamps are used at the industrial level, they can also be used in households. Different existing types of lamps were described, too: incandescent light bulb, discharge lamps, LEDs, e.t.c, which are better and more energy efficient, described their advantages and disadvantages, compared to each other. In the second chapter, we analyze microcontrollers, what they consist of, describes their purpose in detail, describes the Central Processing Unit and memory, and describes what peripherals can be connected to them. A microcontroller is an integrated circuit device used to control other parts of an electronic system, usually using a microprocessor unit, memory, and some peripherals. The microcontroller also has "Flash" memory and Ram. There are many peripherals that can be connected to and controlled by a microcontroller, as well as interfaces that can be used for this purpose. Thanks to the Internet of things, we talked about the possibilities of wireless management and types of wireless connections. Connected peripherals can include any hardware modules that help the microcontroller interact with an external system, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), data converters, clock generators, etc. It was described what bit sizes exist and determined that the most popular is the 8-bit system because it is an excellent solution in the price/quality parameter and also has a small size. Also, this chapter described in detail serial communication interfaces, such as SPI, USB, I2C, and UART. Two types of microcontroller instructions have been described: RISC and CISC. It was found that it is very difficult to clearly determine which set is the best, since it depends on what is more important to the user. The third chapter presents overview of the Internet of things (IoT). There are a lot of types of connection: 6LoWPAN, ZigBee, Bluetooth Low Energy, Thread, LoRaWAN, LiteOS. There was discussed about what type of connection is the most popular and chosen one of them. The Internet of things is a system that describes a network of physical objects that contain various sensors, certain software, and other technologies to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet.Thanks to low-cost computing, the cloud, big data, analytics, and mobile technologies, physical objects can share and collect data with minimal human intervention. When Internet of Things devices exchange data with other devices, they can use a wide range of communication standards and protocols, many of which are designed for devices with limited processing capabilities or low power. One of the most common connection standards is Bluetooth Low Energy. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a technology that allows devices to connect to the network at a distance of about 10 meters. Technically, Bluetooth Low Energy Technology is not backward compatible. New Bluetooth devices must also support the LE protocol stack to be able to connect. However there are two types of BLE devices: 1. Single-mode devices that only support Bluetooth low energy Technology and are optimized for applications with low power consumption, low cost and small dimensions. 2. Dual-mode devices support Bluetooth low energy Technology and classic Bluetooth technology to ensure backward compatibility with all previous versions of the Bluetooth specification. Bluetooth and BLE are designed for different purposes. Classic Bluetooth is used to process, transmit, and Exchange many data without interruptions (such as audio). BLE is used for applications that do not require large amounts of data to be exchanged, and therefore receives relatively light information (such as time or temperature). This makes devices with BLE more energy efficient than devices with regular Bluetooth. The fourth chapter presents development of a lighting monitoring and control system using a wireless sensor and monitoring it by smartphone. The TI SensorTag LPTSK-1352R was chosen as a main controller. This controller was chosen because it has on board the necessary light sensor (OPT3001) and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for remote monitoring and control of lighting. It also has a great potential for expanding the smart home system, since in addition to the light sensor, it has temperature, humidity sensors, and a Hall sensor. The module is equipped with the necessary antennas and compartments for batteries, and this one has convenient pins for prototyping. This microcontroller perfectly combines many types of connection and a set of sensors, since in addition to the light sensor, it has temperature, humidity, etc. sensors, which can be used to further expand the smart home system. The light sensor (OPT3001) is a high-precision digital sensor. It has the ability to measure illumination from 0.01 Lux to 83 KLK. Measurements are made in the temperature range from -40°C to + 85°C. This sensor can make both constant measurements in real time and make them once. In the case of a projected system the sensor will be polled in real time to be able to control the lighting as accurately as possible. The temperature and humidity sensor (HDC2080) is a digital sensor that measures humidity in the range from 0 to 100% and does so with a maximum error of ± 3%. It measures the temperature with a typical error of up to ±2°C, but it can reach up to ±4C. Measurements are made in the range from -40C to +85C. The Hall sensor (DRV5032) is a powerful Digital Hall effect sensor switch designed for most compact systems. It has 4 magnetic threshold modes: -3.9 Mt, highest sensitivity, -4.8 mt high sensitivity, -9.5 Mt medium sensitivity, -63 Mt, lowest sensitivity. Operating power range from 1.65 V to 5.5 V. In addition, it has a lot of different connection technologies, from which you can choose any one. But in this thesis, Bluetooth Low Energy was chosen, for the convenience and ease of connecting to a smartphone. In addition to BLE, it has Sub-1 GHz, Zigbee, Thread and others on board. An integral advantage of this controller is its compactness. The developed layout uses a light sensor to control the illumination and rational use of light sources. If necessary, the microcontroller will send a signal to the relay that will turn on or off the light. | uk |
| dc.format.extent | 63 с. | uk |
| dc.identifier.citation | Шіптенко, А. І. Система моніторингу та керування освітленням за допомогою бездротового датчику : дипломна робота … бакалавра : 153 Мікро- та наносистемна техніка / Шіптенко Андрій Ігорович. – Київ, 2021. – 63 с. | uk |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/59619 | |
| dc.language.iso | uk | uk |
| dc.publisher | КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського | uk |
| dc.publisher.place | Київ | uk |
| dc.subject | освітленість | uk |
| dc.subject | мікроконтролер | uk |
| dc.subject | бездротові технології | uk |
| dc.subject | макет | uk |
| dc.title | Система моніторингу та керування освітленням за допомогою бездротового датчику | uk |
| dc.type | Bachelor Thesis | uk |
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