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Документ Відкритий доступ Deep eutectic solvents as an additive in modification of membranefor nano- and ultrafiltration: physic-chemistry characteristics, ftir study and electrochemical behavior(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Vorobyova, V.; Skiba, M.Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of solvents that can offset some of the primary drawbacks of typical solvents and ionic liquids. They are synthesized by simply mixing the components that interact with each other through hydrogen bonds, and form a eutectic mixture with a melting point much lower than each component individually. Deep eutectic solvents is usually liquid at temperatures below 100 C. Thanks to these great advantages, deep eutectic solvents is attracting more and more attention in many areas of research. Very recently, great attention has been paid to new pioneering attempts aiming at deep eutectic solvents into the field of chemical engineering, including membrane science and technology. Even if just a same works have been currently reported in applying deep eutectic solvents in membranes, the consideration on this new type of solvents is continuously growing. New deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride (ChCl)–lactic acid (1:2 M ratio) was obtained and its electrochemical characteristics was studied. The synthesis of deep eutectic solvents was confirmed by FA nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry method. FTIR study provided further details into hydrogen bonding upon mixing. FTIR results confirmed that H-bonds, occurring between two components in deep eutectic solvents, were the main force leading to the eutectic formation. The frequency at 3221 cm−1 can be attributed to the oscillations of the O-H bond in the formation of OH-Cl-ChCl. The main physicochemical characteristics of deep eutectic solutions (density, pH) are determined. The electrochemical behavior was investigated of choline chloride (ChCl)–lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) by cyclic voltammetry. The method of cyclic voltammetry found that the oxidation of deep eutectic solvents is fixed at a potential of Ea1 = 0.54 VДокумент Відкритий доступ Biological wastewater treatment in context of circular economy(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Dzihora, Y.; Stolyarenko, H.With the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch, nature is facing a lot of environmental problems that drastically increased in the last century. At the current rate of resource consumption, soon nature will lose the ability for self-restoration. In order to avoid the inevitable consequences of resources exploitation, new approaches should be developed in all areas of human life. Linear economy concepts that were utilized for a long time and were based on the use and disposal of each separate resource depending on the purpose are not sufficient anymore. A more holistic approach should be applied to overcome the challenges that we are facing now. The application of circular economy concepts for wastewater treatment facilities has a great potential to enhance the sustainability of water management. This paper will focus on circular economy concepts applied for modern pilot installation that combines biological treatment and membrane separation and discusses the potential for full-scale implementation. Since the pilot plant was operated without any chemicals addition it eases the use of the waste sludge that is received as a by-product for different purposes as agricultural application and biogas production.Документ Відкритий доступ Flotation method for wastewater treatment from oil products contaminants(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Maksymiuk, Mariia; Kravchuk, Tetiana; Titova, Olha; Kosenko, Olena; Spaska, OlenaIndustrial and natural wastewater is one of factors of the environmental pollution, in particular, its water basin. Among others, fuel and oil pollutants are toxic substances that cause a significant harm to all living things. It is necessary to create technologies using effective methods of wastewater treatment to solve such problems. It is possible to properly select and effectively use methods of treatment taking into account the nature, condition and concentration of contaminants in wastewater. These are the issues addressed in this article. Particular attention is paid to the use of flotation as a method of treatment of stable highly dispersed emulsified wastewater containing oil or fuel contaminants in the technology of this type wastewater treatment. The main objectives of a study were to evaluate the impact of parameters and flotation reagents on an efficiency of the treatment process of stable highly dispersed emulsified wastewater. Flotation of such wastewater was carried out on a laboratory flotation installation of pneumatic type and compared with the process of wastewater settling over time. Studies have shown that for stable emulsified wastewater containing oil or fuel contaminants with a low content of highly dispersed particles of inorganic nature or a stabilizer is present in them, it is advisable to use the flotation method with flotation units of pneumatic type. Analysing the results, it should be noted that the flotation method significantly reduces a purification time of highly dispersed emulsified wastewater from 3-5 hours of their settling in settling tanks-oil traps up to 10-20 minutes by a method of pneumatic flotation, while the degree of wastewater treatment increases in at least 1.5-2 times depending on the presence of fuel or oil contaminants in wastewater. If wastewater contains a stabilizer, such as a surfactant, it can be used as an effective flotation reagent in the purification of this type of wastewater by a flotation, which is not suitable for the settling process.Документ Відкритий доступ Investigation of the features of nickel-modified mordenite zeolites(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Patrylak, L. K.; Voloshyna, Yu. G.; Pertko, O. P.; Yakovenko, A. V.; Povazhnyi, V. A.; Melnychuk, O. V.Zeolites are wide used materials in a range of processes of chemical, petrochemical, and nutritional industry. They are the active catalysts and sorbents, in particular, zeolites are characterized by high efficiency towards extraction of heavy and radioactive metals from the aqua medium. An important factor of high zeolite catalyst activity is preserving the integrity of the crystal structure. The purpose of this research was to check out the features of MOR zeolite modifications with nickel by means of low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, IR-spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Using ion exchange and following calcination the hydrogen form of zeolite was obtained. The last was impregnated by nickel in quantity of 1, 5, and 15 wt. %. The investigations of nickel-modified samples demonstrated that MOR-type zeolite was relatively resistant to the used manipulations. However, the hysteresis loops of their isotherms are observed. The last can be connected with mesoporosity appearance. The degree of zeolite destruction is found out to increase with rise of nickel content in the samples. Based on IR spectra analysis by means of checking out the ratio between intensity of bands at 560 and 440 cm-1 using Gaussian function in Origin medium the same conclusions were drawn. Crystalline structure of mordenite was confirmed by using XRD method, but minor quantitative destruction cannot be recognized without application of methods of the internal and external standards.Документ Відкритий доступ Removal of beryllium (Be2+) from water samples by sorption process: a review(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Arar, Ö.Beryllium (Be2+) is an important industrial metal because of its unusual material properties: it is lighter than aluminium and six times stronger than steel. Beryllium is a strategic metal due to its low density combined with its strength, low neutron absorption, high melting point and high modulus of elasticity. Beryllium is often alloyed with other metals such as copper and is an important component of materials used in the aerospace, automotive, energy, defense, medical, and electronics industries. However, beryllium and its compounds are very toxic, especially to the lungs, skin, and eyes. Beryllium compounds are known carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans from human studies. Toxic effects of beryllium include immunotoxic, allergic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. Mammalian tissues do not excrete it, so the effects are cumulative and can lead to death at high concentrations. Therefore, removal of Be2+ is important. In this review, the removal of Be2+ from water samples by sorption processes using different sorbents was summarized. The effects of process parameters on the removal of Be2+ have been summarized. The work discussed showed that ion exchange resins, various modified biosorbents metal oxides can be used for the removal of Be2+. The results showed that the pH of the solution has an important effect on the removal rate. Sorption kinetics vary from 3 minutes to 48h. When the functional groups are on the surface of the sorbent, the sorption process is rapid. However, if the surface of the sorbent is covered with oxides such as magnetite, it takes longer to reach equilibrium. Published work shows that more than 99 % of Be2+ can be removed from solution.Документ Відкритий доступ Adsorption of 4-chlorphenol by brown coal activated by potassium hydroxide(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Таmarkina, Yu. V.; Frolova, I. B.; Кucherenko, V. O.The purpose of the work is to evaluate the 4-chlorophenol (CP) adsorption capacity of brown coal activated carbons (ACs) prepared at different temperature of KOH activation. ACs were obtained in three stages: 1) impregnation of coal with a KOH solution, 2) heating (4 deg/min) in argon to a given temperature t (400-800C) and exposure for 1 h, 3) cooling, washing from KOH, drying. The samples are designated as AC(t). Based on the N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, the ACs total pore volume (Vt, cm3 /g) and specific surface area (S, m2 /g) were determined. The ACs adsorption capacities were measured at 25С, CP concentration 700 mg/L, АC dosage – 1 g/L. The alkaline activation temperature was found to be a key factor in forming porosity of ACs and ability to adsorb CP. The CP maximum capacity (ACP(m), mg/g) increases 6.6 times up to 307 mg/g for AC(800) having S=1142 m2 /g. The specific adsorption capacity (ACP(S) = ACP(m)/S, mg/m2 ) sharply decreases in a sample range from AC(400) to AC(550) and weakly depends on temperature at 550-800C. The kinetics of CP adsorption is best described by a pseudo-second order model. The rate determining stage is the interaction of CP molecules with AC surface. The CP adsorption isotherms are best described by the Langmuir model. The dependence of the ACP(m) from S can be approximated by three linear equations that probably correspond to the three regions of forming surface adsorbtion centers (AdCs). The first (S370 m2 /g) is characterized by a small adsorption capacity increment (kS=0.103 mg/m2 ), but a significant (16.4 times) decrease in the specific capacity ACP(S). In the second region (S=370-770 m2 /g, t=550-750C), capacity increment is 10 times more (kS=0.985 mg/m2 ) and in the third region (S770 m2 /g, t750C) the increase in CP capacity is the smallest (kS=0.067 mg/m2 ). The thermoinitiated formation of AdCs is assumed to be not proportional to the increase in surface area, and their chemical structure and reactivity is determined by the alkaline activation temperature.Документ Відкритий доступ Problem of antibiotics in natural water: a review(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Litynska, M.; Kyrii, S.; Nosovska, O.; Ryzhenko, N.The paper is devoted for influence of antibiotics contamination of natural water on environment, aquatic biosystems and public health and possible solutions of this problem. Untreated or ineffectively treated wastewater is a source of different pathogenic microorganisms and toxic chemicals, including organic and inorganic compounds. A lot of organic contaminants are genotoxic, provoke endocrine disruption and have immune toxicity. In modern world people use a lot of diverse antibiotics for the treatment of various bacterial infections, but antibiotic overuse and insufficient removal by wastewater treatment plants are resulted in accumulation and biotransformation of these compounds in aquatic environment. Antibiotics are pollutants which are very harmful for environment. They cause reduction in microbial biodiversity, including bacterial communities with important ecological functions. It provokes changes in water and soil properties, including pH, nutrients content, soil moisture and many others. Low concentrations of antibiotics cause an occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms which are resistant to antibiotics. It has very negative influence on public health due to increasing of health risk and complication of a medication. Antibiotic type, water and sediment compositions, pH, organic matter, specific surface area and temperature and insolation level have very big influence on distribution and behavior of antibiotics in natural water-sediment systems. Many antibiotics are biodegradable; they are transformed in human organism or by aquatic ecosystem (various plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, etc.). But some antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, are very stable. These persistent organics are dramatically more harmful for ecosystem stability. In case of ciprofloxacin antibiotics in surface water direct photolysis causes formation of organic compounds, which are more toxic and less photolabile than initial antibiotics. So, the toxicity of pollutants increases synergistically and it cannot be ignored. Nowadays antibiotics removal is very important in drinking water and wastewater treatment due to significant environment and health effects of these pollutants. There are a lot of approaches in antibiotic removal from water, including adsorption, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation processes, etc. All these methods have some advantages and disadvantages. Catalytic photodegradation is one of the most popular methods of antibiotic removal. This process is simple, highly effective and makes possible transformation of antibiotics into components with lower toxicity and environmental impact. Also photocatalysis do not produce a lot of wastes unlike coagulation (sludge) or nanofiltration (concentrate).Документ Відкритий доступ Technology of complex sorption treatment of industrial wastewater from sulphide and copper(II)–iones(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Khudoyarova, O.; Ranskiy, A.; Gordienko, O.Complex processing of industrial waste of individual industries, including wastewater treatment, containing sulfur anions and cations of heavy metals, in order to obtain both purified water and finished industrial products is an urgent task for today. The possibility of efficient use of regenerated mixed sorbent (AC+K), containing activated carbon (AC) and diatomaceous earth (K), for wastewater treatment of certain technological processes of chemical (petrochemical) industry and galvanic industries has been shown. The sorbent with the removed contaminants was offered to be utilized as a part of plastic lubricants of special purpose. The technological process of complex sorption treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions includes the following main stages: sorbent regeneration; purification of sulfide-alkaline solutions; purification of washing waters of galvanic productions; obtaining plastic oils. The basic technological scheme of the site of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent (AC+K) and purification of water-sugar solutions from organic impurities was developed. The material balance of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent was calculated. The basic technological scheme of the site of combined treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions, regeneration of spent industrial oils with regenerated sorbent (AC+K) and production of plastic oils has been developed. It was shown that the technology of complex sorption wastewater treatment is based on the most common technological processes - heating, cooling, adsorption and filtration and does not require complex schemes of automatic process control, and chemical equipment is typical for chemical enterprises in Ukraine. The economic effect of production of special purpose plastic oils was calculated.Документ Відкритий доступ Preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile membranes with antibacterial properties(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Vakuliuk, Polina; Furtat, Iryna; Potvorova, Nadiia; Zabava, Lucia; Sobczuk, HenrykA common problem in separation, fractionation and water treatment is the development of methods for modifying industrial PAN membranes to prevent biological contamination, including the formation of biofilm on the surface of the membrane, and prolong their use. We describe the method of formation of polyacrylonitrile membranes with antibacterial properties by addition into the casting polymer solution of antibacterial polymeric compounds: polyhexamethyleneguanidine chloride, oligourethanesemicarbazide with terminal cationic pyridinium chloride groups, and the polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex. We investigated the effect of the addition of antibacterial compounds to the casting solution on the physicochemical, transport and antibacterial properties of the obtained membranes. We show that increasing the concentration of the bactericidal additives in the casting solution to 3% (wt.) leads to a change in the investigated physicochemical characteristics, water flux and membrane rejection of polyethyleneglycol and low molecular weight electrolyte type 2-1 (CaCl2). We found that membranes prepared from the polymer solution with 3% (wt.) of antimicrobial substances are characterized by high antibacterial activity up to 50 days.Документ Відкритий доступ Cycles of solar activity as a basis for forecasting the quality of Dnieper water(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Kulishenko, O.; Klymenko, N.One of the main features of the quality of the Dnieper water is the content of natural organic substances which determine the water oxidizability and color indexes. A special problem is that organic substances are poorly removed by water treatment plants. A significant problem in the operation of water treatment plants is the unpredictability of annual changes in the quality of Dnieper water, which complicates logistics management, for example, the supply of reagents. Many years of experience related to the Dnieper water supply station in Kyiv (DnWS) have led to the hypothesis that these changes are in some way related to the cycles of solar activity. The purpose of this work is to test this hypothesis to substantiate the possibility of predicting the quality of Dnieper water depending on the action of such a global factor as solar activity. The work was performed by statistical methods using 60-year results of Dnieper water analyzes provided by the DnWS laboratory, as well as Wolf numbers (Sunspot Numbers) provided for free use by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. The influence of solar activity on the quality indicators of Dnieper water, especially in its peak and post-peak periods, has been statistically confirmed. The interaction of biological and physicochemical parameters as factors influencing water quality is shown. As a result of the construction of six reservoirs in 1931-1976, the Dnieper from the river actually turned into a network of water bodies. Now these reservoirs are a kind of reactors in which water is treated by electromagnetic solar radiation, which leads to the cyclic transformation of phytoplankton and natural organic matter. Taking into account the cycles of solar activity, the logistical planning of the operation of water treatment facilities receives an independent "base", changes in which can be predicted with some reliability for years to come.Документ Відкритий доступ Coagulant-flocculant from secondary resources for treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Shablovski, V. A.; Tuchkoskaya, А. V.; Rukhlya, V. А.; Pap, О. G.Coagulants and flocculants are used almost at all drinking water supply facilities, wastewater treatment plants of municipal and industrial enterprises in Belarus and Ukraine to intensify and increase the efficiency of the processes of purification, clarification and discoloration of water and wastewater. Mainly as coagulants aluminum and iron salts are used, as flocculants - active silicic acid, starch, cellulose derivatives, polyacryloamide, etc. Sulfuric acid treatment of alumina-containing raw materials allows, in the course of one process, to obtain a mixture of active substances - salts of aluminum, iron, active SiO2. In this case, there is no need to separate the salt from suspended particles and colloidal silicic acid. The presence of suspended dispersed particles in the active substance, as well as colloidal silicic acid and its salts, enhances and accelerates coagulation. The resulting solution, along with aluminum sulfate, contains silicic acid, which acts as a flocculant in the process of water purification. In addition, the processed products also contain ferrous sulfate, in the presence of which a better coagulation result is achieved. Industrial tests of the coagulant-flocculant were carried out in order to purify wastewater from oil products. The test results showed that the effectiveness of the coagulant-flocculant in reducing the content of oil products in wastewater is comparable to the currently used aluminum sulfate. The effectiveness of the developed coagulant-flocculant for the purification of drinking water was evaluated in comparative tests with a coagulant “Polvak-68” in the mode of trial coagulation on a laboratory flocculator. The research results are showed that the value of all parameters characterizing the contamination of the source water are highty decreasing for experimental coagulant-flocculant in compare with regular product.Документ Відкритий доступ Improving mild steel corrosion resistance in tap water: influence of water flow and supply rates(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Vasyliev, G.The mild steel corrosion has been studied in hot tap water (50 C) using linear polarization technique in the laboratory set-up that models water circulating system. The influence of water flow rate (0.15-0.45 m/s) and water supply rate (0-70 % of system volume per hour) on corrosion kinetics have been investigated. The corrosion products, formed on the surface of the steel corrosion probes, have been analysed with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It has been found, that in condition of low water flow rate (0.15 m/s) and in the absence of water supply the corrosion rate is high (0.29 mm/year) due to low blocking abilities of the surface deposits. Amorphous Fe(OH)3 is the main corrosion product to be detected on the surface. The increase in water flow rate above 0.15 m/s and water supply rate above 30 % of system volume per hour leads to the 1.6 times corrosion rate reduction (to 0.18 mm/year) due to the formation of dense surface layer of calcium carbonate and iron oxyhydroxides. The results obtained can be utilized to improve the corrosion performance of hot water supply systems.Документ Відкритий доступ Improvement of gas monitoring methods in water of the hydrogen-water cooling system of npp’s turbine generator(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Zaitsev, S. V.; Tykhomyrov, A. Yu.; Chychenin, V. V.; Kyshnevskyi, V. P.The relevance of research is to ensure and improve the reliability of turbine generators (TG) with a hydrogen-water cooling system by monitoring the content of dissolved gases in the water of a hydrogen-water cooling system with monoethanolamine (MEA) – C2H7NO and water vapor in the cooling hydrogen of the turbine. In this work, the influence of ultrasonic vibrations on the decomposition of a mixture of water and turbine oil, organic acids (acetic acid - С2Н4О2, formic acid - СН2О2, oxalic acid - С2Н2О4) or monoethanolamine was determined. The distribution coefficients values were definedd for the following dissolved gases Н2, О2, N2, СО, СН4, С2Н2, С2Н4, С2Н6, С3Н6, С3Н8, which are of degradation products of water mix components when exposed to ultrasonic oscillation in the following system: «dissolved gas – mixture «water + monoethanolamine» – extractant argon (Ar)». The obtained values of the Кі distribution coefficients for dissolved gases in systems «dissolved gas – mixture «water + С2Н7NО» – extractant argon (Ar)» at a temperature of 293 K and a concentration of С2Н7NО at the level of 1 g/dm3 are close to similar values for dissolved gases in deionized water. The principle flow chart of multichannel gas chromatograph for detecting dissolved gases in water and steam of water in hydrogen was developed. Developed flow chart of 4-chennel gas chromatographer for defining dissolved gases in water includes the one gas chromatographer with conductivity detector, methanator, flame ionization detector, argon gas-bearing and supplementary gases of hydrogen and air.Документ Відкритий доступ Economical and environmental benefits of pointof-use nacl brine reuse by new membrane technology(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Orestov, Y.; Mitchenko, T.; Vasilyuk, S.Cation exchange water softening is one of the most widely used technologies of water treatment. However, its environmental impact related to discharge of highly concentrated regeneration brine draws more attention as overall quality and availability of water resources decreases. Bearing in mind high levels of reusable NaCl in brine discharge, technology that will reduce the environmental impact and help reuse brine is required. To develop such technology composition of spent brine solution from Na-cation exchanger was investigated and conditioning of such solution with use of nanofiltration membranes of different types under different temperatures, pressures and recovery values was tested. Results show that optimal conditions for NaCl recovery include usage of DuPont (Dow) Filmtec Fortilife XC-N membrane elements at temperature 23-27 С, pressure of 23-25 bar and recovery of 55-60 %. Under these conditions purity of NaCl in permeate over 90 % and productivity by NaCl of 13.1 kg/h were achieved. Principal technological scheme of the process of membrane conditioning of the spent regeneration solution was proposed that allows achieving reduction of NaCl consumption by 40 % and reduction of NaCl discharge into sewage by 72 % with corresponding economic and environmental benefits.Документ Відкритий доступ Concentration of soluble salts in cooling water of power plants with blow down recirculation(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Kochmarskii, V. Z.; Kostiuk, O. P.; Filipovych, Y. Y.The method for calculating the dynamics of concentration of soluble salts (tracers) using the assumption of their homogeneous distribution in the water volume of the circulated cooling system (CCS) under the conditions of recirculation of part of the purge water was proposed. The assumption of homogeneity of salt distribution is substantiated by the fact that the period of mixing of cold water (CW) in CCS is equal to several hours, and the period of setting the concentration limits is calculated in tens of days. In this approximation the law of change of concentration of tracers in time from the moment of their supply in CCS in modes without and with recirculation of a part of purge water and without any processing is received. It is shown that without recirculating treatment, recirculation of purge water increases the maximum salt concentration and the time to reach it. Attention is drawn to the fact that the flow rate consists of two parts: controlled and uncontrolled. When calculating the allowable amount of purge recirculation, it is necessary to use the value of the total purge flow. It is important to understand that the relative change in total purge is always less than the controlled one. To obtain the cost of full purge, it is necessary to calculate its uncontrolled part. The procedure for calculating the uncontrolled purge is given in the paper. Since there are restrictions for of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) on the concentrations of tracers in the CCS, the expressions obtained in this work are consistent with the requirements of the MAC and allow for a given degree of concentration of salts , to calculate the limit of recirculation flow. It is shown that the recirculation regime can be applied without additional measures for CCS with a low initial degree of salt concentration and low concentration in the feed water. The proposed algorithm is used to predict the results of recirculation in the case of a specific CСS for thermal power plants with an electrical capacity of 1200 MW and the ratio CMAC/C0 = 5. It is shown that in this case recirculation has significant economic and environmental effects. However, at high, concentrations of tracers C0, compared to MAC, feed water recirculation is meaningless. The calculation algorithm applies to tracers, i.e. salts that do not give deposits, but only limited by the MAC requirements and the risk of corrosion or environmental considerations. Therefore, the above technique cannot be directly used for sparingly soluble salts, such as calcium carbonate. In this case, it requires significant correction. Note the convenient use in calculations of the earlier introduced by us concept of regime (dynamic) factor , especially when comparing the real consumption of the main flows of ССS to calculated and in determining the evaporative capacity of cooling towers, or assessing the degree of salt concentration.Документ Відкритий доступ Elimination of antibiotics by photocatalytic methods(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Kutuzova, Anastasiya; Dontsova, Tetiana; Davydova, MarynaAntibiotics have been found in water bodies of different origin around the world, including natural waters. The presence of antibiotics in natural waters is already an important environmental problem, as they pose a potential threat to the environment. Analysis of the literature shows that photocatalytic methods are considered to be more promising than biological methods and adsorption processes for the treatment of water bodies contaminated with antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of antibiotics removal (ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim) by photocatalytic methods over TiO2 photocatalyst modified with yttrium oxide. For this purpose, a commercial sample of TiO2 P25 (Evonik) was modified, which was further characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence analysis methods. The obtained data indicate the presence of yttrium in commercial P25 sample after modification. Studies on the removal of antibiotics from aqueous solutions by photocatalytic methods were carried out in three ways: employing modified photocatalyst; combination of photocatalyst and hydrogen peroxide, and the combination of photocatalyst with hydrogen peroxide and ozone. The results of research demonstrate high efficiency of photocatalytic methods in the oxidation of antibiotics in aqueous solutions, among which the greatest oxidation is achieved using the combination of heterogeneous photocatalyst, hydrogen peroxide and ozone.Документ Відкритий доступ The study of the sorption properties of filtering materials based on titanium phosphate – porous titanium composition(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Shablovski, V. A.; Tuchkoskaya, А. V.; Rukhlya, V. А.; Pap, О. G.; Kudelko, K. О.Inorganic sorbents are more selective in comparison with commercial ion exchange resins towards of metal ions. However, inorganic sorbents characterized not high kinetic properties. One of the way to increase the kinetic rate of inorganic sorbents is to reduce the particle size of these materials, other way is synthesizing inorganic sorbents as porous products from powder materials. A sample of such inorganic sorbents is titanium phosphate of various compositions. Studying the properties of microfilters based on composition titanium phosphate - porous titanium has been developed. The sorbents based on acidic titanium phosphate Ti(HPO4)2-H2O were used for filtering solution with Fe(II) content. It is found that the number of impregnations with inorganic sorbent modificator is important and influence filtration process. The obtained results demonstrated that after the first impregnation of porous material with a smaller pore size, it is possible to obtain such sorbent as a mass content of powder material. By varying the ionic form of titanium phosphate, the porosity of titanium, the amount of impregnation, it could be possible effect on the sorption Fe(II). The sorption properties of titanium-titanium phosphate microfilters were studied by potentiometric titration in the NaCl-NaOH system, as well as the sorption of Fe2+ ions. The degree of purification for Fe(II) from solution with a concentration of 10 mg/l is 64 %. Application an electric potential to the microfilter of porous titanium - phosphate titanium increases the degree of purification of Fe(II) to 88 %.