Вода і водоочисні технології. Науково-технічні вісті, № 2(42)
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Документ Відкритий доступ Liophilic and sorptive properties of modified clinoptylolite as a sorbent for water purification from oil and oil products(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Hrynyshyn, Stanislav; Znak, ZenoviiOil and oil products pose a serious threat to all components of the environment and people. The most effective for cleaning water environments and solid surfaces from oil and oil products are sorption processes using natural and synthetic materials. This study is aimed at studying the sorption properties of natural zeolite of the clinoptilolite type, modified with an ammonium chloride solution with a concentration of 0.1...1.0 mol/dm3. The effect of modification and fractional composition of clinoptilolite on the lyophilic properties with respect to oil, the mass of sorbed oil, the sorption rate in the initial period of the process, and the sorption capacity were studied. It was shown that, unlike the native form of clinoptilolite, modified sorbent samples in the entire size range are well wetted by oil, followed by complete wetting of the surface of the modified zeolite.With an increase in the dispersion of clinoptilolite, the mass of sorbed oil naturally increases. At the same time, the largest increase in the mass of sorbed oil is observed with a decrease in the average particle size of clinoptilolite from 0.375 to 0.175 mm. It was found that during about 200...240 min of the oil sorption process, the sorption capacity of clinoptilolite increases (up to 0.5...0.7 g/g for different samples). However, further, during the next 2500...2600 min, the calculated sorption capacity formally decreases (up to 0.45...0.6, g/g) with a simultaneous increase in the mass of sorbed oil. Such a formal contradiction is due to the fact that the height of the working layer of clinoptilolite, and therefore the mass of zeolite participating in the sorption, is increasingly increasing. At the same time, during the sorption of oil, which is a polycomponent substance, oil is separated into components on clinoptilolite. Lighter fractions move (chromatographed) faster through the sorbent layer than heavier ones. The studies have confirmed the positive effect of modifying clinoptilolite with ammonium chloride solutions on its sorption capacity. The resulting sorbents have prospects for use in water purification technologies, oil spill cleanup on water surfaces and some solid surfaces.Документ Відкритий доступ Identification of correlation between total organic carbon and conductivity values of water for injection line and establishing total organic carbon range for a specific conductivity value at a water for injection line / loop of a specific water system(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Shukla, Saurabh; Iyer, Natarajan; Gaikwad, BalasahebThe present study investigated the relationship between conductivity and total organic carbon (TOC) values in water for injection (WFI) systems at a pharmaceutical facility in Uttarakhand. Measurements were takenat the inlet and outlet of water for injection return loops across three separate blocks over a 90-day period from October 2024 to January 2025. The findings indicated that each block required a distinct total organic carbon range, as total organic carbonlevels, while generally correlated with conductivity, were also influenced by factors such as pipeline length, diameter, and number of user points. Importantly, total organic carbon values could exceed specifications even if conductivity was within acceptable limits, highlighting the critical need for block-specific total organic carbon monitoring. Moreover, the total organic carbon range w.r.t. conductivity values can be defined based on the trends observed at specific water systems and these are more accurately illustrating the actual total organic carbon results and also can be hypothecated based on the online conductivity results of a water system or water for injection distribution system used in pharmaceutical industries. The study concludes that defining total organic carbon ranges relative to conductivity trends enhances water quality monitoring for pharmaceutical processes and ensures accurate control over organic contaminationДокумент Відкритий доступ Modern approaches to monitoring the content of heavy metals in marine waters(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Litynska, Marta; Hutsul, Hrystyna; Kyrii, SvitlanaThe article describes the sources of pollution of sea water with heavy metal compounds, including copper, chromium, tin, nickel and cobalt ions, their impact on the ecosystem, as well as possible methods of detecting these pollutants. In Ukraine, before the start of hostilities, were river runoff and the discharge of insufficiently treated industrial wastewater were the main sources of heavy metal compounds entering the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov. After the start of the war, industry in the southern regions experienced a reduction in volumes, but a new source of pollution appeared, namely sunken military equipment, shells, mines, cartridges, etc. Alloys with a high content of various heavy metals are widely used in military equipment and weapons to give the alloys corrosion resistance and the necessary mechanical characteristics. With prolonged exposure to water, as a result of interaction with both the water itself and with impurities dissolved in it or existing microorganisms, metal ions are gradually leached into the water. Heavy metals not only harm marine biota, but also have the properties of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. As a result, the content of heavy metals in predatory fish and marine mammals increases significantly, and commercial fishing is threatened due to the possible non-compliance of the caught fish with sanitary and hygienic requirements. In order to timely detect and eliminate sources of pollution of marine waters with heavy metals, constant monitoring of the quality of marine waters is necessary. There are a large number of monitoring tools, including electrochemical sensors, but one of the fastest, cheapest and most convenient approaches is the use of indicator systems based on chromogenic compounds that change their color upon contact with a certain pollutant. The article considers examples of such compounds for the detection of copper, chromium, tin and nickel ions.Документ Відкритий доступ Prospects for creating indicator systems based on ceramic materials(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Voloshchuk, Anna; Dontsova, TetianaThe article presents the prospects for creating indicator systems based on ceramic membranes for field use. The aim of this work is to analyse the prospects and current approaches to creating indicator systems based on ceramic membranes modified with organic reagents, with an emphasis on detecting nitrogen-containing compounds and heavy metal ions in aqueous environments. It is noted that in order to create indicator ceramic membranes with high stability, sensitivity and selectivity, their preliminary modification is necessary. An analysis of methods for modifying ceramic materials indicates that covalent bonding is the most promising, but modifying membranes by polymer coating is more promising where high concentrations of analytes are required. Despite its simplicity, the direct adsorption method is not promising for the creation of long-term indicator membranes due to their low stability. It has been found that for the qualitative determination of nitro compounds, it is reasonable to use a simple method involving the use of iron(II) ions, which combines low cost, simplicity, stability and the possibility of effective immobilisation on ceramic materials. For the qualitative and quantitative determination of heavy metal ions, the creation of indicator membranes based on azo dyes, in particular chromazurol S, is promising. In this case, silicon(IV) oxide is the optimal ceramic carrier due to its high specific surface area and reactivity, which, in combination with modification by the polymer layer method, ensures the highest dye content, and by covalent bonding, the best stability. Thus, the article presents great prospects for the creation of indicator systems based on ceramic materials for obtaining indicator systems for field conditions.Документ Відкритий доступ PFAS in drinking water: risk factor for human life, modern sources of pollution, methods of control and approaches to water purification (review)(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського ; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2025) Andrusyshyna, Iryna; Kosohin, Artur; Kosogina, IrynaThe current state of aquatic micropollutant contamination is reviewed using polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are widely used in industry and are components of consumer products such as cosmetics, fire-fighting foams, household goods, clothing, pesticides, and food packaging. Due to their widespread use and persistence in the environment, PFAS have been detected in rivers and coastal zones, bottom sediments, soils, landfill leachates, and groundwater. It has been found that, due to their heat-resistant properties, PFAS are used as binders in polymer explosives and in various ammunition components. Toxic contamination from ammunition over time may pose a greater danger to the population than the acute detonation of ammunition. Types of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances are reviewed. It was found that the most common forms are long-chain perfluorinated PFAS substances, which exhibit carcinogenic, reproductive and immunotoxic properties, are bioaccumulative and can cause liver and kidney toxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, endocrine disruption, obesity, type 2 diabetes and various types of cancer. The main methods for the determination of trace amounts of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl compounds are described, including gas or liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry, which are expensive and require complex sample preparation. Currently, solid-phase extraction is preferred for the concentration of micropollutants, which allows expanding the limits of their detection when using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. A package of tandem chromatography-mass spectrometry methods is recommended for the analysis of PFAS in drinking water. Control methods and approaches to the purification of drinking water sources are reviewed. Electrochemical, sonochemical, advanced oxidation methods, as well as new hybrid methods including the use of nanoadsorbents of natural origin are effective for the removal of short-chain PFAS in laboratory conditions, but have limitations in field application. One of the promising methods for water purification in field conditions is photocatalysis in combination with membrane filtration or electrochemical oxidation.