Вода і водоочисні технології. Науково-технічні вісті, № 2(30)
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Документ Відкритий доступ Investigation of the features of nickel-modified mordenite zeolites(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Patrylak, L. K.; Voloshyna, Yu. G.; Pertko, O. P.; Yakovenko, A. V.; Povazhnyi, V. A.; Melnychuk, O. V.Zeolites are wide used materials in a range of processes of chemical, petrochemical, and nutritional industry. They are the active catalysts and sorbents, in particular, zeolites are characterized by high efficiency towards extraction of heavy and radioactive metals from the aqua medium. An important factor of high zeolite catalyst activity is preserving the integrity of the crystal structure. The purpose of this research was to check out the features of MOR zeolite modifications with nickel by means of low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption, IR-spectroscopy, and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Using ion exchange and following calcination the hydrogen form of zeolite was obtained. The last was impregnated by nickel in quantity of 1, 5, and 15 wt. %. The investigations of nickel-modified samples demonstrated that MOR-type zeolite was relatively resistant to the used manipulations. However, the hysteresis loops of their isotherms are observed. The last can be connected with mesoporosity appearance. The degree of zeolite destruction is found out to increase with rise of nickel content in the samples. Based on IR spectra analysis by means of checking out the ratio between intensity of bands at 560 and 440 cm-1 using Gaussian function in Origin medium the same conclusions were drawn. Crystalline structure of mordenite was confirmed by using XRD method, but minor quantitative destruction cannot be recognized without application of methods of the internal and external standards.Документ Відкритий доступ Improving mild steel corrosion resistance in tap water: influence of water flow and supply rates(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Vasyliev, G.The mild steel corrosion has been studied in hot tap water (50 C) using linear polarization technique in the laboratory set-up that models water circulating system. The influence of water flow rate (0.15-0.45 m/s) and water supply rate (0-70 % of system volume per hour) on corrosion kinetics have been investigated. The corrosion products, formed on the surface of the steel corrosion probes, have been analysed with X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). It has been found, that in condition of low water flow rate (0.15 m/s) and in the absence of water supply the corrosion rate is high (0.29 mm/year) due to low blocking abilities of the surface deposits. Amorphous Fe(OH)3 is the main corrosion product to be detected on the surface. The increase in water flow rate above 0.15 m/s and water supply rate above 30 % of system volume per hour leads to the 1.6 times corrosion rate reduction (to 0.18 mm/year) due to the formation of dense surface layer of calcium carbonate and iron oxyhydroxides. The results obtained can be utilized to improve the corrosion performance of hot water supply systems.Документ Відкритий доступ Economical and environmental benefits of pointof-use nacl brine reuse by new membrane technology(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Orestov, Y.; Mitchenko, T.; Vasilyuk, S.Cation exchange water softening is one of the most widely used technologies of water treatment. However, its environmental impact related to discharge of highly concentrated regeneration brine draws more attention as overall quality and availability of water resources decreases. Bearing in mind high levels of reusable NaCl in brine discharge, technology that will reduce the environmental impact and help reuse brine is required. To develop such technology composition of spent brine solution from Na-cation exchanger was investigated and conditioning of such solution with use of nanofiltration membranes of different types under different temperatures, pressures and recovery values was tested. Results show that optimal conditions for NaCl recovery include usage of DuPont (Dow) Filmtec Fortilife XC-N membrane elements at temperature 23-27 С, pressure of 23-25 bar and recovery of 55-60 %. Under these conditions purity of NaCl in permeate over 90 % and productivity by NaCl of 13.1 kg/h were achieved. Principal technological scheme of the process of membrane conditioning of the spent regeneration solution was proposed that allows achieving reduction of NaCl consumption by 40 % and reduction of NaCl discharge into sewage by 72 % with corresponding economic and environmental benefits.Документ Відкритий доступ Coagulant-flocculant from secondary resources for treatment of industrial and municipal wastewater(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Shablovski, V. A.; Tuchkoskaya, А. V.; Rukhlya, V. А.; Pap, О. G.Coagulants and flocculants are used almost at all drinking water supply facilities, wastewater treatment plants of municipal and industrial enterprises in Belarus and Ukraine to intensify and increase the efficiency of the processes of purification, clarification and discoloration of water and wastewater. Mainly as coagulants aluminum and iron salts are used, as flocculants - active silicic acid, starch, cellulose derivatives, polyacryloamide, etc. Sulfuric acid treatment of alumina-containing raw materials allows, in the course of one process, to obtain a mixture of active substances - salts of aluminum, iron, active SiO2. In this case, there is no need to separate the salt from suspended particles and colloidal silicic acid. The presence of suspended dispersed particles in the active substance, as well as colloidal silicic acid and its salts, enhances and accelerates coagulation. The resulting solution, along with aluminum sulfate, contains silicic acid, which acts as a flocculant in the process of water purification. In addition, the processed products also contain ferrous sulfate, in the presence of which a better coagulation result is achieved. Industrial tests of the coagulant-flocculant were carried out in order to purify wastewater from oil products. The test results showed that the effectiveness of the coagulant-flocculant in reducing the content of oil products in wastewater is comparable to the currently used aluminum sulfate. The effectiveness of the developed coagulant-flocculant for the purification of drinking water was evaluated in comparative tests with a coagulant “Polvak-68” in the mode of trial coagulation on a laboratory flocculator. The research results are showed that the value of all parameters characterizing the contamination of the source water are highty decreasing for experimental coagulant-flocculant in compare with regular product.Документ Відкритий доступ Technology of complex sorption treatment of industrial wastewater from sulphide and copper(II)–iones(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Khudoyarova, O.; Ranskiy, A.; Gordienko, O.Complex processing of industrial waste of individual industries, including wastewater treatment, containing sulfur anions and cations of heavy metals, in order to obtain both purified water and finished industrial products is an urgent task for today. The possibility of efficient use of regenerated mixed sorbent (AC+K), containing activated carbon (AC) and diatomaceous earth (K), for wastewater treatment of certain technological processes of chemical (petrochemical) industry and galvanic industries has been shown. The sorbent with the removed contaminants was offered to be utilized as a part of plastic lubricants of special purpose. The technological process of complex sorption treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions includes the following main stages: sorbent regeneration; purification of sulfide-alkaline solutions; purification of washing waters of galvanic productions; obtaining plastic oils. The basic technological scheme of the site of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent (AC+K) and purification of water-sugar solutions from organic impurities was developed. The material balance of regeneration of the spent mixed sorbent was calculated. The basic technological scheme of the site of combined treatment of industrial wastewater from sulfide and copper (II) ions, regeneration of spent industrial oils with regenerated sorbent (AC+K) and production of plastic oils has been developed. It was shown that the technology of complex sorption wastewater treatment is based on the most common technological processes - heating, cooling, adsorption and filtration and does not require complex schemes of automatic process control, and chemical equipment is typical for chemical enterprises in Ukraine. The economic effect of production of special purpose plastic oils was calculated.Документ Відкритий доступ Cycles of solar activity as a basis for forecasting the quality of Dnieper water(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського; ТОВ «Українська водна спілка», 2021) Kulishenko, O.; Klymenko, N.One of the main features of the quality of the Dnieper water is the content of natural organic substances which determine the water oxidizability and color indexes. A special problem is that organic substances are poorly removed by water treatment plants. A significant problem in the operation of water treatment plants is the unpredictability of annual changes in the quality of Dnieper water, which complicates logistics management, for example, the supply of reagents. Many years of experience related to the Dnieper water supply station in Kyiv (DnWS) have led to the hypothesis that these changes are in some way related to the cycles of solar activity. The purpose of this work is to test this hypothesis to substantiate the possibility of predicting the quality of Dnieper water depending on the action of such a global factor as solar activity. The work was performed by statistical methods using 60-year results of Dnieper water analyzes provided by the DnWS laboratory, as well as Wolf numbers (Sunspot Numbers) provided for free use by the Royal Observatory of Belgium. The influence of solar activity on the quality indicators of Dnieper water, especially in its peak and post-peak periods, has been statistically confirmed. The interaction of biological and physicochemical parameters as factors influencing water quality is shown. As a result of the construction of six reservoirs in 1931-1976, the Dnieper from the river actually turned into a network of water bodies. Now these reservoirs are a kind of reactors in which water is treated by electromagnetic solar radiation, which leads to the cyclic transformation of phytoplankton and natural organic matter. Taking into account the cycles of solar activity, the logistical planning of the operation of water treatment facilities receives an independent "base", changes in which can be predicted with some reliability for years to come.