Electronic Archive of scientific and educational materials of Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
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Recent Submissions
Управління процесами різання на верстатах з ЧПК
(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2025)
Викладені нові підходи до програмування верстатів з ЧПУ за результатами віртуального моделювання процесу різання, в ході якого з використанням створених алгоритмів визначається головна характеристика процесу – швидкість видалення матеріалу. При визначені алгоритмів управління здійснюється послідовне вирішення трьох основних задач: стабілізація умов різання на всіх дільницях оброблюваної поверхні, оптимізація режиму різання і корекція формоутворюючої траєкторії з урахуванням похибок від пружних деформацій технологічної обробної системи. Приділяється увага динамічним процесам, що виникають в обробній системі та надаються практичні рекомендації з усунення негативного впливу вібрацій на якість обробленої поверхні. Наведені приклади розв’язання проблем и автоматизованого програмування верстатів з ЧПУ за допомогою створених алгоритмів, які пройшли практичну апробацію.
Іл. 197. Табл. 8. Бібліогр.:139 назв.
The effect of lyophilized and frozen umbilicalcord cryoextract on L929 cell culture
(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2025)
Background.The human umbilical cord is a promising source of biologically active substances with regenera-tive properties. However,the potential of lyophilized cryoextract from the umbilical cord for regenerative medicine, which could facilitate storage and transportation, remains unexplored. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of such cryoextracts using a cellular model.Objective.To evaluate the effect of lyophilized and frozen umbilical cord cryoextracts on the L929 cell line to assess their therapeutic potential.Methods.This study was conducted on L929 cell cultures. Cryoextracts from the human umbilical cord were obtained through cryoextraction and lyophilized forms at 80 and 20C. These extracts were added to Dul-becco's Modified EagleMedium(DMEM) at three concentrations: 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0mg/ml. The control groups included cells cultured in DMEM with and without fetal bovine serum. Cell morphology and mono-layer confluency were observed. To assess the impact of the cryoextracts, several assays were performed: cell viability (adhesion), migration activity (scratch test), pinocytosis activity (neutral red uptake assay), metabol-ic activity (MTT assay), and (proliferation) population doubling time.Results. The addition of umbilical cord cryoextract and its lyophilized form at 80C was non-toxic to the cells. The most effective concentration was 0.1mg/ml, which significantly stimulated cell adhesion and pro-liferation compared to the culture medium without fetal serum. The lyophilized cryoextract at 20C did not enhance cell viability but did increase pinocytosis activity.Conclusions. These findings suggest that umbilical cord cryoextract and its lyophilized form at 80C can be used as growth factors in cell line cultivation. The lyophilized cryoextract shows promise for use in condi-tions where specialized storage equipment is not available. However, the lyophilized form at 20C primarily stimulates pinocytosis activity and inhibits proliferation.
Cytodestructive effects of photodynamic exposure in primary cultures of malignant glioma cells
(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2024)
Background. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising adjuvant method for the treatment of malignant gliomas (MG), including tumors with continued growth and tumor recurrences. For the clinical application of PDT, it is important to substantiate the effectiveness of the cytodestructive effect of the combined use of laser irradiation (LI) and photosensitizer (PS). Objective. To evaluate the cytodestructive effects of photodynamic exposure with the use of PS chlorine E6 on primary MG cell cultures. Methods. Primary cell cultures were obtained from samples of biopsy material from patients (n 6) with a verified diagnosis: 3 primary tumors (1 case of diffuse astrocytoma, NOS (G3), 1 – glioblastoma (GB), NOS (G4), 1 – gliosarcoma (G4)) and 3 – with continued tumor growth (1 – diffuse astrocytoma, NOS (G3), 1 – oligodendroglioma, NOS (G3) and 1 – GB, NOS (G4). Groups of cell cultures included: 1) control – cultured in a standard nutrient medium and experimental; 2) cultured with the addition of chlorine E6 (2.0 g/ml); 3) cultivated without the addition of PS and subjected to LI; 4) cultivated with the addition of chlorine E6 and subsequent exposure to LI. After 24 h, morphological and morphometric studies were carried out. Results. The primary MG cultures were characterized by different growth dynamics; mitotic activity of tumor cells varied from the highest rate in the culture of primary GB to lower values – in cultures of recurrent GB and primary astrocytoma and gliosarcoma, and the lowest – in cultures of continued growth of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma after combined treatment. Direct exposure to chlorine E6 and LI reduced the total number of cells in the culture and their mitotic activity. The greatest cytodestructive effect was achieved with the combined effect of chlorine E6 and LI: the effective dose in the case of primary astrocytoma cells is 10 J/cm2 in pulse mode; for cells of primary GB and gliosarcoma, recurrent astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, the effective dose is 25 J/cm2 in pulsed mode. In the case of GB cells, continued growth, a dose of 25 J/cm2 is effective for both continuous and pulsed modes of LI. Conclusions. Primary cell cultures of MG obtained directly from tumor tissue are an adequate model for evaluating the effectiveness of the cytodestructive effect of the combined use of LI and PS for PDT.
Effect of acids on biomass growth and development of Chlorella vulgaris culture
(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2024)
Background. Influence of dissolved nitrogen and sulfur oxides, as components of flue gases, on the cultivation of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Objective. To study biomass production and changes in cells of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris with the introduction of nitrogen and sulfate acids tor simulate the effects of dissolved nitrogen and sulfur oxides, aiming to develop biotechnology for the utilization of gas emissions by microalgae. Methods. The effect of the constant introduction of small concentrations of nitrogen (up to 0.47%) and sulfate (up to 1.5%) acids on the development of Chlorella vulgaris cultures, pH changes in the cultural environment, and biomass growth were studied. Results. The utilization of gaseous emissions by Chlorella vulgaris depends on the content of nitrogen and sulfur oxides that are constantly supplied to the cultivation medium, the initial biomass concentration, and pH. It was determined that for an initial cells concentration of (85 5) 104 cells/ml in the culture medium, the threshold values of acids that do not cause significant changes in the cultivation process are 0.1% H2SO4 and 0.19% HNO3. At a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.2%, the culture cells become discolored. Conclusions. It is shown that with a constant supply of sulfuric or nitric acids above the threshold values of 0.1% H2SO4 and 0.19% HNO3, the pH of the culture medium decreases, leading to the suspension of development and the death of the Chlorella vulgaris culture. Therefore, controling these parameters will improve the ecological state of the environment and form the basis for developing biotechnology for the utilization of gas emissions by microalgae.
Design and development of novel herbal suppository formulation for prostatitis treatment
(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2024)
Background. Prostatitis is a common inflammatory condition of the prostate gland, often treated with antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs, which may have limited efficacy and side effects. Herbal therapies offer a promising alternative due to their natural anti-inflammatory properties. Objective. This study aims to design, develop, and evaluate physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and microbiological properties of novel herbal suppository formulations for the treatment of prostatitis, optimizing their biopharmaceutical profiles. Methods. Excipients were selected to form suppositories with herbal ingredients known for their antiinflammatory effects, specifically lovage, saw palmetto, and calendula CO2 extracts. The formulations were assessed based on key quality parameters, including organoleptic characteristics, average mass, melting point, deformation time, disintegration time, microbiological purity, and pH, ensuring compliance with European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) standards. Biopharmaceutical studies compared the release profiles of active compounds from different suppository bases. Results. Suppositories based on Witepsol® H15 exhibited satisfactory organoleptic properties, appropriate melting points, and acceptable deformation and disintegration times. The pH levels were within the required range, and microbiological tests confirmed purity. Biopharmaceutical evaluations showed that Witepsol® H15 suppositories had the most appropriate release rates of active compounds compared to those made with other bases. Conclusions. The novel herbal suppositories developed in this study show promise for managing prostatitis based on preliminary evaluations of their physicochemical, microbiological, and biopharmaceutical properties. Further clinical studies are required to confirm their efficacy and safety.