2016

Постійне посилання на фонд

https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/59895

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    Comunicative approach in grammar teaching
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Pavlovych, A. V.; Ivanova, O. O.
    The subject of the article is grammar teaching in terms of communicative approach. Communicative language teaching (CLT) is the basic constituent of modern foreign language teaching. Implementation of CLT led to a number of changes in teaching strategies. Learners do not just learn from a teacher but do their own information research. Grammatical competence is an important constituent of communicative competence. Learning grammar does not include only rules but use of the rules as a partof fluent communication. Comprehension of grammar material is indispensable. Learning new grammatical patterns is done by means of context when learners try to infer a rulei. e. meaning of a certain grammatical structure from what they read or hear. Teachers have to use different methods based on interaction and life-related situations to help learners acquire new grammar material. CLT requires a creative approach to grammar teaching. Different forms of group work are inescapable. Inductive method is used in new grammar material teaching. There is also a cognitive constituent in teaching grammar, which implies that learners have to perceive new grammatical structure and comprehend it in real-life situations. A teacher is a facilitator for learners helping and guiding them throughout a learning process.
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    “Personal beginning of author” as one of text properties in memoirs
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Kolosova, H. A.
    This article describes theproblem of current importance for the modern linguistics of text and discourse – the analysis of such specific property as “personal beginning of author” or “personality” in the text of memoirs. The author analyzes specifics of functioning of this property in the space of Winston Churchill’s memoirs «My Early Life», which serves as a basic material for the research. Analysis also includes semantic and functional aspects of onomasticon of memoirs to reveal processes of cooperation of language tools inside intratextual space. The article results in extension of the classic roles of memoirs author not only as a narrator and a recaller. In case of memoirs writer also becomes a participant, or perceiver of primary information, and contemporary of events, or a perceiver of secondary information. Text creation of memoirs depends on the method of dialogism, because without the addressee memoirs cannot reveal its idea, directing to the reader and his perception. Communication between author and reader works in the same way as the process of “communication” between parts of a text and even separate lexical units (such as proper names), producing coherent memoirs. The purpose of text creation is determined by the identification of the writer as a personality, his language realization, setting his goals through the memoirs.
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    Pragmatic superstructure of argumentative discourse in technical research papers
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Doronkina, N. Ye.
    The article deals with pragmatic superstructure of argumentative discourse in technical research papers. Different approaches to pragmatics study including the theory of speech acts are outlined. The scientific article is considered as implementation of the author’s plan to achieve the specific goals taking into consideration the reader’s interest. The main concepts of the theory are described. The paper uses the types of speech acts according to J.Searle’s taxonomy of illocutionary acts. The main parameters of speech acts are mentioned. The theory of three complicated speech acts classes in accordance with the types of relation between illocutionary goals is discussed. The article analyzes the features of various argumentation types in terms of the complicated speech acts classes. The sequence of speech acts as a complex speech unit is discussed. In particular, the author draws reader’s attention to the requirements for the speech acts within the sequences which is recognized as a macrospeech act. The functional relationships determined by A.Ferrara between the speech acts within the sequence are stressed. Much attention is given to macrorules that derive global speech acts from macrospeech acts. The process of singling out the conventional functional relationships between global speech acts is illustrated. The fragment of pragmatic superstructure for the genre of technical research papers is created.
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    The improving of efficiency in foreign language teaching
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Lomakina, L. V.
    This article provides an overview of foreign and Ukrainian experience of using new information technologies in foreign language teaching. On the basis of pedagogical and psychological literature modern multimedia technologies of training, including distance education were characterized. The role and place of new information technologies in teaching and educational process are defined; the basic concepts of distance learning are specified and determined; the methodical and technical aspects of foreign language training programs through the certain distance learning models and educational and methodical complexes promoting the improvement of thequality of educational process are introduced. The most important characteristics of advanced informational and educational environment of hi-tech DL are formulated. The algorithm for theintroduction of computer technologies in the process of foreign language teaching is described. Also, it is mentioned that the chosen didactic computer programs are adequate to the developed training models. Distance learning methods are analyzed and the pedagogical need for distance learning of foreign languages is identified. It is proved that effective use of modern information technologies creates real possibilities of improving the quality of education and the existing didactic models for distance learning of foreign languages with the use of information technologies significantly affect the quality of foreign language teaching.
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    The peculiarities of corporality manifestation in the prose works of meta-modernism period (on the basis of cyberpunk genre)
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Havrylenko, V. M.
    The article gives the observation of the ways the phenomenon of corporality is manifested via linguistic means in the texts that belong to the period of meta-modernism and specifically – in texts, which belong to the genre of cyberpunk. In the process of our research, we investigated the linguistic means of forming the human being corporality in the circumstances of virtual reality communication, which is described in the works of Paul di Filippo and William Gibson. We researched different vectors of possible corporality manifestation, represented in the works – the transfer of the human mind into Web along with physical disembodiment and the linguistic means which describe and accompany the process of such transfer and describe the peculiarities of such existence; we also paid attention to linguistic means which touched the sphere of bionic body improvement, and specifically, we paid attention to reasons which made people extend their corporality and the titles of these corporality extensions – various body implants and mechanical editions. From the linguistic point of view, the second sphere is of a special interest for lexicology because the means which are involved in corporality descriptions are built with the help of language means i.e. adding prefixes. The topicality of the article is based on the fact of absence of any linguistic works devoted to the cyberpunk genre in Ukrainian philology and literature studies, so it gives a floor for research from various points of stylistics, neology, the theory of literature etc.
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    Apprentissage de la traduction des textes pharmaceutiques francais, aspects linguistique et methodologique
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Bondar, L. V.; Choumtchenko, Т. I.
    Le présent article aborde la question de l'apprentissage de la traduction des textes pharmaceutiques français, notamment des notices. Les auteurs analysent les particularités lexico-sémantiques, grammaticales et structurelles des textes mentionnés dans le but de définir les problèmes potentiels liés à leur traduction.L'étude a permis de distinguer dans la notice française quatre zones informationnelles importantes qui ont leurs propres moyens langagiers et les procédés de l'expression du potentiel pragmatique du texte. Les recherches montrent que les textes pharmaceutiques français comportent un grand nombre de termes issus de domaines différents, de termes d'origines latine et grecque; la segmentation des notices françaises diffère beaucoup de celles de la langue ukrainienne, tout cela doit être pris en considération lors de l'élaboration des exercices destinés à l'apprentissage de la traduction des textes de ce genre. Les auteurs proposent certains devoirs visant à former la compétence des étudiants des facultés de lettre en traduction des textes techniques et scientifiques, y compris des textes pharmaceutiques. L'étude a permis de conclure que les particularités langagières et structurales des notices françaises aussi bien que les aspects psycholinguistiques de la formation des savoir-faire doivent servir de base pour l'élaboration rationnelle des exercices, de leurs types et groupes, visant à l'apprentissage efficace de la traduction des notices des étudiants des facultés linguistiques.
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    Impact des particularites cognitives des etudiants des facultes techniques sur l'apprentissage du francais sur objectifs specifiques
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Bondar, L. V.; Choumtchenko, Т. I.
    Le présent article aborde la question de l'apprentissage du français de spécialité par les étudiants des facultés techniques. Les auteurs analysent l'influence des capacités langagières, l'impact des particularités individuelles d'ordre cognitif, affectif, social, de situation, notamment les styles d'apprentissage des apprenants, sur l'efficacité de la formation des compétences en communication inerculturelle. Les caractéristiques psychologiques et cognitives, propres aux représentants du même domaine se reflètent dans les structures verbales de la transmission de l'information, dans la dominance de certaines façons de la percevoir, de son traitement, de sa réutilisation et de sa production. L'étude a permis de conclure que pour la formation de la compétence en communication interculturelle les facteurs mentionnés doivent être pris en considération, et il est nécessaire de favoriser chez un étudiant une auto-observation, ce qui lui permettra d'éviter certaines difficultés, d'adapter ses particularités cognitives et affectives, ses stratégies à la réalisation d'une tâche en fonction de la situation et développer certaines capacités langagières. Les recherches montrent que la plupart des étudiants en sciences techniques ont un style analytique qui est lié aux aspects du fonctionnement cérébral et dont les spécificités se manifestent dans la préférence pour le mode sériel de la perception et de la compréhension, du traitement séquentiel et algorithmique de l'information et de sa production. Les auteurs proposent certains devoirs qui visent à former la compétence des apprenants en sciences techniques en communication interculutrelle et dans lesquels les facteurs mentionnés ci-dessus sont pris en compte. L'analyse de la question abordée a montré qu'avant tout un étudiant doit savoir recourir à une stratégie adaptée à son objectif, ce qui est possible si en apprenant il peut s'observer et rendre souple son style d'apprentissage.
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    Die überlegungen zur auswahl des landeskundlichen lehrstoffs
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Dzykovych, O. V.; Turysheva, O. O.
    Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt theoretische sowie empirische Überlegungen zur landeskundlichen Stoffauswahl, die eine ganze Reihe von Fragen in diesem Bereich zur Diskussion bringen. Die Autorin nennt wesentliche Schwierigkeiten, die Problematik der Landeskunde als Fach und dessen Stoffauswahl verursachen. Ein Teil des Artikels widmet sich der Auflistung von Ansätzen, mit denen die Auswahl des landeskundlichen Materials erfolgt. Dabei werden die wichtigsten Kriterien genannt, die diese Auswahl bestimmen. Im Weiteren werden die Lerninhalte vs. Fähigkeiten der Lehrenden sowie Lernenden analysiert. Die vorliegende Analyse verdeutlicht die Liste der Stoffauswahlkriterien und anhand der bildgebenden Fragen gibt einige Richtlinien für die Stoffauswahl im Unterricht. Von der Autorin wird auch ein Versuch unternommen, einen Vorschlag für eine lernerorientierte Stoffauswahl unter interkultureller Sicht zu machen, wobei sie exemplarisches Lernen und prozedurales Wissen im Vordergrund stellt.
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    Український іменослов: культурна поліфонія
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Герасимчук, В. А.; Нечипоренко, А. Ф.
    У статті розкривається складний, суперечливий процес становлення українського іменослову в спільному східнослов’янському просторі. Простежується власне давньоруський період з ідентичними слов’янськими іменами, період запозичення імен з православних святців, переважно грецьких, а також єврейських, латинських. У статті визначено семантико-словотвірні моделі онімів та їх вплив на формування сучасної антропонімічної системи української мови. Зосереджено увагу на періоді формування української іменної системи, знаний, як період «антропонімічних ножиць», на питаннях щодо трансформування запозичених імен у системі української мови, їх кореляції, змістових та формальних (фонетичних, словотвірних, морфологічних). У статті подається поліфонічна картина сучасного стану українського іменослову.
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    Argumentative discourse of technical research papers in the context of rhetorical structure theory
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Doronkina, N. Ye.
    The article deals with Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST). It is shown that the theory is a very helpful descriptive tool not only for microstructure but for macrostructure as well. The role of rhetorical relations in argumentative discourse in the sphere of science is described. The structure of Toulmin's argumentation model in the context of rhetorical relations is given. The relations taking place between the model components are analyzed. They are divided into four groups according to the type of causal link. All rhetorical relations are analyzed by means of decomposition into nucleus and satellite. The group of basic causal relations is parted in agreement with the degree of speaker participation. The group of Conditional relations is presented in full paradigm. In considering the group of purposeful relations such factors as cognitive states of readers and speakers are taken into account. Concessive relations are discussed from two points of view. Macrostructure of scientific papers argumentative discourse is outlined in the context of topical content. To describe macrostructure of discourse such multinuclear schemas as Joint are used. RST diagram for Introduction chapter is shown. The examples of all rhetorical relations taken from technical research papers are presented.
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    Mistake correction in teaching EFL
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Hordiienko, N. M.; Batiuta, T. V.
    This article deals with the importance of proper mistake correction in the process of teaching English as a foreign language as well as the challenges English language teachers regularly face when eliciting mistakes made by students. The analysis of the main strategies presented by leading local and foreign scientists concerning the problem of opportune mistake correction is carried out. The article focuses on the importance of the problem mentioned and provides detailed classification of different types of mistakes that can be made by students in the process of acquiring new language skills. Taking into consideration the deficiency of system development of methods and approaches to correcting mistakes during the lesson, the following scientific research is focused on scrutinising all sorts of possible solutions of the problem arising from the necessity to wisely correct mistakes. The problem of when to correct, how often and what kind of mistakes are to be corrected is given due consideration in the following article. The vital importance of facilitating favourable friendly atmosphere that would “allow” students to make mistakes is highlighted. Students’ psychological problems that may arise in the process of incorrect mistake correction are considered. The article is of great help to all foreign language teachers interested in effective implementation of modern techniques and approaches that can have a positive impact on the teaching process.
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    Компетентнісний підхід до полікультурного навчання вчителів
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Ковалинська, І. В.
    Стаття присвячена виявленню основних вимог до формування компетентностей вчителя в умовах мультикультурного навчального середовища в країнах Західної Європи, та імплементації цих вимог до умов України. Автор вказує, що основні компетентності європейського вчителя –це: вміння працювати в етнічно гетерогенному класі, створювати сприятливу атмосферу для розвитку усіх студентів; уміння співпрацювати з батьками і громадою; розвиток мовних компетентностей. Автором розроблено основи системи полікультурної освіти в Україні, основними структурними компонентами якої є інституційний, цільовий, змістовий, операційно діяльнісний, результативний. Авторка вказує на можливості використання досвіду окремих західноєвропейських країн для розбудови певних компонентів полікультурної освіти в Україні.
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    Job titles in german: corpus-based comparative analysis
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Ivashkevych, L. S.
    The article is devoted to the job titles in the modern German. The author has conducted a corpus-based research of German titles of the vacancies on employment in four areas, information technology, trade, blue-collar jobs and cleaning services. The aim of the study was twofold. First, to check whether the usage of English and euphemistic elements is equally represented in all investigated corpus and to reveal the functions of the usage of these components in each area. Secondly, to prove the possible interferences of the job titles' wordings between different spheres. The study was conducted using computer searching and counting. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was found that in the mentioned employment areas Anglicisms are used with different quantitative and qualitative functions. Thus, for the IT sector, the use of Anglicisms is characterized with the terminology function, while in the cleaning services area they play purely euphemistic function. In the areas of workers' and trade professions a significant level of stereotypy has been detected in the use of Anglicisms. The representation euphemisms were also different in the studied areas: unlike in the IT sector, trade and blue-collar jobs, in vacancies of cleaning services they were represented not only in a large number, but also in a wide range of lexical forms. Besides, some cases of an influence of the wording of the job titles of some areas onto others were found.
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    Les problѐmes de la traduction des sous-titres de film franҫais en Ukrainien
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Parkhomenko, О. M.; Коsar, J. S.; Lyachtchevskyi, S. O.
    L’article vise à la recherche des particularités de la traduction des sous-titres de film français en ukrainien aussi bien qu’à la mise en évidence des éléments essentiels qui présentent les difficultés pour le traducteur. On prête une attention particulière à l’étude de la possibilité d’utiliser les transformations lexicales et grammaticales ainsi qu’aux moyens de la transmission des particularités culturelles du Canada.Les résultats de la recherche confirment qu’il est nécessaire d’adapter les réalités canadiennes dans les sous-titres pour le spectateur ukrainien en gardant le potentiel pragmatique de la réplique et en obtenant le même effet pragmatique. On a constaté la nécessité de transmettre l’originalité de la culture étrangère qui se reflète dans l’humour spécifique, le jeu de mots, la langue parlée ainsi que dans les idées du réalisateur et du scénariste du film. Afin d’économiser l’espace, une tâche essentielle de la traduction des sous-titres consiste en emploi de l’omission des éléments qui ne sont pas obligatoires dans le cadre d’une certaine situation communicative pour comprendre le sens de la réplique.
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    The main peculiarities of business english as the branch of english for specific purposes
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Hanko, I. V.
    The author gives a thorough analysis of important characteristics of Business English as an instrument of communication in business world. The features outlined help to understand deeper the need of the crucial role of Business English pronunciation as an independent branch of English for Specific Purposes. Moreover, it advances the understanding of the successful teaching Business English to be used in real-to-life situations in a framework of the defined grammar and vocabulary peculiarities defined in a paper. The features of the official-business style of the English language are discussed in the paper. Therefore, the specific vocabulary and grammar peculiarities are analyzed by the author. Alongside with the presented grammar and vocabulary discourse characteristics, the syntactical features and text organization of business correspondence are clearly determined and presented in the paper. For the profound and clear understanding of the main features of correspondence organization the example of business letter is presented to demonstrate its main composition parts and the whole structure. The professional profile of Business English in terms of main real-to-life situation participants is given to develop teachers’ expertise in the student-oriented learning flow. The stylistics of Business English has been presented here as one of the leading traits of the business text discourse. Moreover, the vocabulary of official-business style is pronounced as a core of Business English text discourse. The author gives some conversational phrases, expressions and other stylistics notions to exemplify the paper analysis.
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    Formation of communicative culture of students in the process of extracurricular work in higher technical educational institutions
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Feschuk, A.
    The essence of the concept of “communicative culture” and its importance in the training of engineers in technical higher educational institutions in the process of extracurricular work are revealed in the article. The content of extracurricular work in the training of engineers in modern technical higher educational institution is analyzed. The components of extracurricular work and their characteristics are clarified and specified. The conditions of the educational environment that influence the development of students’ communicative culture are described. The factors that affect the efficiency of extracurricular work in higher technical educational institutions are identified. Traditional and interactive methods that are effective in the formation of communicative culture of future engineers are singled out. The conditions of educational environment that influence the students’ development and the means of improving the quality of training and education of future specialists are examined. Extracurricular work is pointed out as an important factor of formation of the communicative culture of students. The formation of communicative culture which is directed to the development of students' communicative literacy, competence and system of values, their morally spiritual world and stimulus of motivation to self-perfection are reflected in the article.
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    Project as an effective professionally oriented technology in esp teaching
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Nazarenko, O. I.
    This article deals with the problem of creating effective professionally oriented technologies in ESP teaching aimed at developing students’ communicative competence enabling them to function successfully in their study and work-related communities. The author suggests taking into account the labour market demand for high-performing employees and apply educational technologies, which encourage students to gain prioritized qualities and skills to meet employers’ expectations. Guided by these considerations the author advocates the project-based technology to help students develop underlying skills and strategies and make language learning more interactive and enjoyable. The presented project demonstrates the effective outcomes of specific content-based teaching using presentation techniques.
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    Pragmatic characteristics of scientific and technical texts
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Hordiienko, N. M.; Batiuta, T. V.
    This research paper outlines the main peculiarities of scientific and technical text in terms of pragmatic science. Communicative and pragmatic characteristics of scientific and technical texts are considered in present article as well as other important constituents of pragmatic relations, such as communicative intention, content, composition, participants of scientific communication and signature style. Theoretical principles of pragmatic text research on the basis of national and foreign researchers’ concepts have been analyzed. The main participants of scientific and technical communication, namely addresser and addressee have been considered as key constituents required for establishing communicative and pragmatic situation, communicative intention conveying and realization of communicative and pragmatic potential. It has been noted that the process of scientific communication is closely connected with pragmatic aspect and speech communication and should be considered in terms of its main participant – an individual, who acts as a key element of pragmatic meaning actualization. The emphasis has been put on pragmatic functions, namely informative, cognitive, persuasive, explanatory, communicative and didactic as well as their actualization in scientific text. Being in the scope of our interest, scientific and technical texts are built under the influence of extralinguistic factors such as background information or diversified interests of the participants of communication. A great attention has been also paid to pragmatically-notional elements of scientific and technical texts, in particular,metatextual mental performatives whereby pragmatic meaning of theparticular message is realized.
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    Культурологічні наративи у працях івана огієнка (Митрополита Іларіона)
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Мислович, Н. М.
    У статті розглядаються культурологічні концепції наукової діяльності відомого публіциста, громадського діяча Івана Огієнка. Сучасний етап розвитку вищої школи потребує звернення до інтелектуальних, моральних авторитетів в історії розбудови української держави. Літературний, публіцистичний спадок його праць – це постійне піднімання з колін українців, виховання самоповаги, самоусвідомлення народу, і зрештою – людської гідності. Надзвичайно обдарована людина Іван Огієнко постулював велике коло суспільно-політичних, культурологічних проблем, що не втратили актуальності для розв’язання і в наш час. Інтерес до життя і діяльності постаті такого масштабу допомагає у виборі життєвих пріоритетів і є взірцем духовного служіння своєму народові для сучасної молоді.
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    Historical and modern aspects of the notion of idiostyle in lingustic studies
    (НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Shandra, Olha; Glinka, Nataliia
    The article investigates theoretical foundations of the study of such a linguistic phenomenon as idiostyle and its interpretations. The topicality is determined by increasing interest among scholars in studying of individual peculiarities of the writer‘s idiostyle. For this purpose, a number of definitions of the terms ―style‖, ―idiostyle‖, ―individual style‖ are reviewed and analyzed. Idiostyle as a lingual-cognitive portrait of a writer is reflected in his texts and represented by the individual conceptualization of the world, being determined by the individual system of values.The author‘s fictional conceptual system is referred to as the lingual-cognitive basis of his idiostyle. It consists of the thematically related literary concepts verbalized in creative works. In addition, the article dwells on the correlations between idiostyle and other notions such as a world view, individual author‘s conceptual system, individual concepts, dominant and constant of idiostyle. Focusing on functional characteristics of James Joyce‘s individual style of writing as well as their verbalization in the writer‘s prose, this paper is an attempt of creating the portrait of the well-known representative of modernist literature and defining dominant features of his works.