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Документ Відкритий доступ Apprentissage de la traduction des textes pharmaceutiques francais, aspects linguistique et methodologique(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Bondar, L. V.; Choumtchenko, Т. I.Le présent article aborde la question de l'apprentissage de la traduction des textes pharmaceutiques français, notamment des notices. Les auteurs analysent les particularités lexico-sémantiques, grammaticales et structurelles des textes mentionnés dans le but de définir les problèmes potentiels liés à leur traduction.L'étude a permis de distinguer dans la notice française quatre zones informationnelles importantes qui ont leurs propres moyens langagiers et les procédés de l'expression du potentiel pragmatique du texte. Les recherches montrent que les textes pharmaceutiques français comportent un grand nombre de termes issus de domaines différents, de termes d'origines latine et grecque; la segmentation des notices françaises diffère beaucoup de celles de la langue ukrainienne, tout cela doit être pris en considération lors de l'élaboration des exercices destinés à l'apprentissage de la traduction des textes de ce genre. Les auteurs proposent certains devoirs visant à former la compétence des étudiants des facultés de lettre en traduction des textes techniques et scientifiques, y compris des textes pharmaceutiques. L'étude a permis de conclure que les particularités langagières et structurales des notices françaises aussi bien que les aspects psycholinguistiques de la formation des savoir-faire doivent servir de base pour l'élaboration rationnelle des exercices, de leurs types et groupes, visant à l'apprentissage efficace de la traduction des notices des étudiants des facultés linguistiques.Документ Відкритий доступ Argumentative discourse of technical research papers in the context of rhetorical structure theory(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Doronkina, N. Ye.The article deals with Rhetorical Structure Theory (RST). It is shown that the theory is a very helpful descriptive tool not only for microstructure but for macrostructure as well. The role of rhetorical relations in argumentative discourse in the sphere of science is described. The structure of Toulmin's argumentation model in the context of rhetorical relations is given. The relations taking place between the model components are analyzed. They are divided into four groups according to the type of causal link. All rhetorical relations are analyzed by means of decomposition into nucleus and satellite. The group of basic causal relations is parted in agreement with the degree of speaker participation. The group of Conditional relations is presented in full paradigm. In considering the group of purposeful relations such factors as cognitive states of readers and speakers are taken into account. Concessive relations are discussed from two points of view. Macrostructure of scientific papers argumentative discourse is outlined in the context of topical content. To describe macrostructure of discourse such multinuclear schemas as Joint are used. RST diagram for Introduction chapter is shown. The examples of all rhetorical relations taken from technical research papers are presented.Документ Відкритий доступ Association as linguistic phenomenon(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Akhmad, I. M.; Chmel, V. V.The article deals with the notion of association in linguistics. Various researchers looked for connections between thinking and language, conducting linguistic experiments and researches in the field of psycholinguistics, linguistics and, namely, associative groups. Research of associations is mainly aimed at the conceptual and semantic structure of human memory. Study of associations has a long scientific tradition, for centuries they have been the object of study of philosophers, psychologists, linguists. Associative experiment is a technique aimed at identifying associations existing in an individual based on his previous experience. To analyze associations it is necessary to know and understand connections between words, therefore, explore the sphere of human consciousness and cognitive perception. The article looks into history of associations studies, analyzing the main achievements and key points in the research of links between words and images, connections and relations between semantic field and groups. Also, attention is paid to external and internal associative links and their analysis. The other essential part of the study is focused on the insight into the nature of synonymy, antonymy and paronymy, the paradigms and their classifications. Understanding of associative and thematic groups helps us to conduct researches necessary for the understanding of the mechanism of interaction that exists between different lexical– semantic groups.Документ Відкритий доступ Comunicative approach in grammar teaching(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Pavlovych, A. V.; Ivanova, O. O.The subject of the article is grammar teaching in terms of communicative approach. Communicative language teaching (CLT) is the basic constituent of modern foreign language teaching. Implementation of CLT led to a number of changes in teaching strategies. Learners do not just learn from a teacher but do their own information research. Grammatical competence is an important constituent of communicative competence. Learning grammar does not include only rules but use of the rules as a partof fluent communication. Comprehension of grammar material is indispensable. Learning new grammatical patterns is done by means of context when learners try to infer a rulei. e. meaning of a certain grammatical structure from what they read or hear. Teachers have to use different methods based on interaction and life-related situations to help learners acquire new grammar material. CLT requires a creative approach to grammar teaching. Different forms of group work are inescapable. Inductive method is used in new grammar material teaching. There is also a cognitive constituent in teaching grammar, which implies that learners have to perceive new grammatical structure and comprehend it in real-life situations. A teacher is a facilitator for learners helping and guiding them throughout a learning process.Документ Відкритий доступ Das thema „Weihnachten“ im deutschunterricht behandeln – unterrichtsideen und methodenempfehlungen(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Lange, AnjaDer Artikel setzt sich mit einem recht beliebten Thema auseinander: Weihnachten wird in Deutschland anders als in der Ukraine gefeiert und bietet sich damit vergleichend als landeskundliches Thema an. Für eine nähere Betrachtung des Themas werden im Artikel verschiedene Unterrichtsideen genannt, die am Jahresende gemacht werden können. Dabei kann der Unterricht sowohl kulinarische als auch lexikalische Inhalte haben.Документ Відкритий доступ Descriptive translation and word formation methods of neologisms in thematic groups(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Prysiazhniuk, I. S.Word formation process is considered to be the form of language functioning essential for vocabulary arrangement and reality representation as well. Neologisms in any language are the evidence of dynamic processes in language which adapts to rapidchanges in the modern world. American and British cultures have great influence on Ukrainian society due to political and economic reasons, not to mention the growing number of TV series, shows, films and music. Integration processes and anew strategy of country development contribute to theoccurrence of new notions and realities as well. New words are formed by means of both borrowings and word formation methods typical for a specific language, which is why the problem of translation has always been paid much attention to. Adequate translation requires accurate analysis of context, stylistic features of the text and word formation methods to produce the most suitable equivalent. When theselection of equivalent is not possible due to the lack of lexical means in the target language, descriptive translation is the most versatile means. The article deals with the descriptive translation of neologisms within thematic groups, the notion of neologism, their classification, ways of word formation and the dependence of accurate translation on the correct analysis of the word structure. The suitability and effectiveness of descriptive translation were also analyzed in terms of conveying the meaning of neologism.Документ Відкритий доступ Development of students` writing skills: focus on academic essay(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Svyrydova, L. G.; Ameridze, O. S.The article deals with the importance of development the academic writing skills of technical university students. The focus has been made on essay-type written work as the most common type of writing which is considered to be a good basis for the further, more fundamental academic writings like diploma work or dissertation. Furthermore, students have to be aware of writing an essay when taking exams, especially language proficiency tests of international level. Thus, most students feel the strong motivation and readiness to master academic writing skills. The article reveals the concept of academic writing, its main features and types of academic written works. Also, this article displays the notion of the essay as a genre of academic writing and in details examines the structure of the essay, highlighting the peculiarities. More specifically there have been described the core parts of an essay, namely, introduction, body and conclusion. The significance of well-formulated thesis statement also has been underlined. In addition, there has been proposed a list of useful words and phrases to make an essay easy to read. For students the comprehension of academic writing skills along with speaking, reading and listening is very substantial for making up an image of a highly-skilled and prosperous specialist.Документ Відкритий доступ Die überlegungen zur auswahl des landeskundlichen lehrstoffs(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Dzykovych, O. V.; Turysheva, O. O.Der vorliegende Artikel behandelt theoretische sowie empirische Überlegungen zur landeskundlichen Stoffauswahl, die eine ganze Reihe von Fragen in diesem Bereich zur Diskussion bringen. Die Autorin nennt wesentliche Schwierigkeiten, die Problematik der Landeskunde als Fach und dessen Stoffauswahl verursachen. Ein Teil des Artikels widmet sich der Auflistung von Ansätzen, mit denen die Auswahl des landeskundlichen Materials erfolgt. Dabei werden die wichtigsten Kriterien genannt, die diese Auswahl bestimmen. Im Weiteren werden die Lerninhalte vs. Fähigkeiten der Lehrenden sowie Lernenden analysiert. Die vorliegende Analyse verdeutlicht die Liste der Stoffauswahlkriterien und anhand der bildgebenden Fragen gibt einige Richtlinien für die Stoffauswahl im Unterricht. Von der Autorin wird auch ein Versuch unternommen, einen Vorschlag für eine lernerorientierte Stoffauswahl unter interkultureller Sicht zu machen, wobei sie exemplarisches Lernen und prozedurales Wissen im Vordergrund stellt.Документ Відкритий доступ Enhancing students’ soft skills through english for specific purposes(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Drozdovych, N. Yu.The role of soft skills for technical students in today's global labor market and high-tech industry has been analyzed. Samples of soft skills’ abilities have been exposed and their role in employment has been highlighted. Approaches to incorporate soft skills into study curricula undertaken in some Western universities have been discussed. As an example, the experience of the Faculty of Computer Science at the National University of “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy” in introducing soft skills into study curricula has been mentioned. The global multicultural and multilanguage environment issues specific challenges to technological education. Meeting these challenges a specific role and importance of foreign languages studies and especially English for special purposes in educational curricula of technological higher educational institutions has been emphasized. An approach of integrating soft skill elements into the course of English for special purposes has been stated, based on the author’s experience at the faculty of aerospace systems of the National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”. This appeared possible due to the introduction of modern e-learning technology in the study of English for special purposes. The advantage for students is easy 24/7 access to the content of the course, the advantage for teachers is a possibility to evaluate students’ achievements just in time. The elements of soft skills included in the course are the skills necessary for preparing applications for future employment, internships and student exchanges.Документ Відкритий доступ ESP materials for aeronautical students(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Vadaska, S. V.Foreign language studying is an essential tool that helps students to expand their knowledge, to gain new experience, and to function successfully in the professional field. The need for highly-skilled specialists in technology, engineering, business and other fields has led to the necessity of English for Specific Purposes learning and teaching. The higher education institutions in Ukraine face a lot of challenges dealing with ESP programs, materials, students foreign language proficiency, means of studying etc. ESP teachers are responsible for program developing, course designing, materials, and teaching approaches selecting. ESP learning process differs from EFL one. The ESP studying should be concentrated on the skills and knowledge that can be applied to professional needs. To meet all the requirements of ESP teachers and learners, the studying process must be provided with modern and authentic materials. There is a lack of available course books for such field as Aircraft and Rockets Building. Thus, the problem of studying materials was solved by the teachers. A lot of factors are taken into account in the process of textbooks and distant courses developing. Review of learning materials developed for aeronautical students is presented in the paper. The advantages of distant course designed for ESP students self-work are considered.Документ Відкритий доступ Extralingual and lingual means in the texts of business documents(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Borkovska, I. P.The article examines the features of the extralingual and lingual means in the texts of business documents. The research serves to clarify how extralingual means, such as connection between communication and vital functions of people, the existence of explicit content, precision, nonperson character, standardization, stereotypes in the text structure, obliging character, objectivity, imperative character, documentation, formality, laconicism influence lingual means in the texts of business documents. We conducted a thorough analysis of lingual means in business documents, which make up exclusive system and the base of this system contains the units of three levels: lexical, morphological and syntactic. On the ground that content of the business text depends on the sphere of social life where this text exists, it can contain social, political, juridical, scientific vocabulary. Nevertheless, after the detailed lexical analysis of the certain layer of vocabulary was highlighted. Business vocabulary includes clichés, archaic words and phrases and it is considered as a typical peculiarity of such a text. A number of the borrowing words especially French and Latin was analyzed. It should be noted that contractions, abbreviation, verbonominants are widespread in this kind of the texts. In addition, key peculiarities of verbs, used in the texts of business documents, are illustrated.Документ Відкритий доступ Fonctionnement de differentes formes de neologismes dans le discours de la science et de la technique(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Ibraguimova, S. V.; Buts, J. V.L'article proposé examine le concept du néologisme dans le discours de la science et de la technique. On fait le recours des travaux théoriques de divers scientifiques sur la structure, les particularités du processus de l'apparition et de la formation de nouvelles unités lexicales. On décrit les groupes des néologismes parmi lesquels l’attention particulière est attachée aux néologismes sémantiques, lexicaux et de réseau. On expose l'analyse de l’emploie de différentes formes et de divers groupes des innovations lexicales dans le discours de la science et de la technique.Документ Відкритий доступ Formation of communicative culture of students in the process of extracurricular work in higher technical educational institutions(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Feschuk, A.The essence of the concept of “communicative culture” and its importance in the training of engineers in technical higher educational institutions in the process of extracurricular work are revealed in the article. The content of extracurricular work in the training of engineers in modern technical higher educational institution is analyzed. The components of extracurricular work and their characteristics are clarified and specified. The conditions of the educational environment that influence the development of students’ communicative culture are described. The factors that affect the efficiency of extracurricular work in higher technical educational institutions are identified. Traditional and interactive methods that are effective in the formation of communicative culture of future engineers are singled out. The conditions of educational environment that influence the students’ development and the means of improving the quality of training and education of future specialists are examined. Extracurricular work is pointed out as an important factor of formation of the communicative culture of students. The formation of communicative culture which is directed to the development of students' communicative literacy, competence and system of values, their morally spiritual world and stimulus of motivation to self-perfection are reflected in the article.Документ Відкритий доступ Historical and modern aspects of the notion of idiostyle in lingustic studies(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Shandra, Olha; Glinka, NataliiaThe article investigates theoretical foundations of the study of such a linguistic phenomenon as idiostyle and its interpretations. The topicality is determined by increasing interest among scholars in studying of individual peculiarities of the writer‘s idiostyle. For this purpose, a number of definitions of the terms ―style‖, ―idiostyle‖, ―individual style‖ are reviewed and analyzed. Idiostyle as a lingual-cognitive portrait of a writer is reflected in his texts and represented by the individual conceptualization of the world, being determined by the individual system of values.The author‘s fictional conceptual system is referred to as the lingual-cognitive basis of his idiostyle. It consists of the thematically related literary concepts verbalized in creative works. In addition, the article dwells on the correlations between idiostyle and other notions such as a world view, individual author‘s conceptual system, individual concepts, dominant and constant of idiostyle. Focusing on functional characteristics of James Joyce‘s individual style of writing as well as their verbalization in the writer‘s prose, this paper is an attempt of creating the portrait of the well-known representative of modernist literature and defining dominant features of his works.Документ Відкритий доступ Impact des particularites cognitives des etudiants des facultes techniques sur l'apprentissage du francais sur objectifs specifiques(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Bondar, L. V.; Choumtchenko, Т. I.Le présent article aborde la question de l'apprentissage du français de spécialité par les étudiants des facultés techniques. Les auteurs analysent l'influence des capacités langagières, l'impact des particularités individuelles d'ordre cognitif, affectif, social, de situation, notamment les styles d'apprentissage des apprenants, sur l'efficacité de la formation des compétences en communication inerculturelle. Les caractéristiques psychologiques et cognitives, propres aux représentants du même domaine se reflètent dans les structures verbales de la transmission de l'information, dans la dominance de certaines façons de la percevoir, de son traitement, de sa réutilisation et de sa production. L'étude a permis de conclure que pour la formation de la compétence en communication interculturelle les facteurs mentionnés doivent être pris en considération, et il est nécessaire de favoriser chez un étudiant une auto-observation, ce qui lui permettra d'éviter certaines difficultés, d'adapter ses particularités cognitives et affectives, ses stratégies à la réalisation d'une tâche en fonction de la situation et développer certaines capacités langagières. Les recherches montrent que la plupart des étudiants en sciences techniques ont un style analytique qui est lié aux aspects du fonctionnement cérébral et dont les spécificités se manifestent dans la préférence pour le mode sériel de la perception et de la compréhension, du traitement séquentiel et algorithmique de l'information et de sa production. Les auteurs proposent certains devoirs qui visent à former la compétence des apprenants en sciences techniques en communication interculutrelle et dans lesquels les facteurs mentionnés ci-dessus sont pris en compte. L'analyse de la question abordée a montré qu'avant tout un étudiant doit savoir recourir à une stratégie adaptée à son objectif, ce qui est possible si en apprenant il peut s'observer et rendre souple son style d'apprentissage.Документ Відкритий доступ Job titles in german: corpus-based comparative analysis(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Ivashkevych, L. S.The article is devoted to the job titles in the modern German. The author has conducted a corpus-based research of German titles of the vacancies on employment in four areas, information technology, trade, blue-collar jobs and cleaning services. The aim of the study was twofold. First, to check whether the usage of English and euphemistic elements is equally represented in all investigated corpus and to reveal the functions of the usage of these components in each area. Secondly, to prove the possible interferences of the job titles' wordings between different spheres. The study was conducted using computer searching and counting. As a result of the comparative analysis, it was found that in the mentioned employment areas Anglicisms are used with different quantitative and qualitative functions. Thus, for the IT sector, the use of Anglicisms is characterized with the terminology function, while in the cleaning services area they play purely euphemistic function. In the areas of workers' and trade professions a significant level of stereotypy has been detected in the use of Anglicisms. The representation euphemisms were also different in the studied areas: unlike in the IT sector, trade and blue-collar jobs, in vacancies of cleaning services they were represented not only in a large number, but also in a wide range of lexical forms. Besides, some cases of an influence of the wording of the job titles of some areas onto others were found.Документ Відкритий доступ Les problѐmes de la traduction des sous-titres de film franҫais en Ukrainien(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Parkhomenko, О. M.; Коsar, J. S.; Lyachtchevskyi, S. O.L’article vise à la recherche des particularités de la traduction des sous-titres de film français en ukrainien aussi bien qu’à la mise en évidence des éléments essentiels qui présentent les difficultés pour le traducteur. On prête une attention particulière à l’étude de la possibilité d’utiliser les transformations lexicales et grammaticales ainsi qu’aux moyens de la transmission des particularités culturelles du Canada.Les résultats de la recherche confirment qu’il est nécessaire d’adapter les réalités canadiennes dans les sous-titres pour le spectateur ukrainien en gardant le potentiel pragmatique de la réplique et en obtenant le même effet pragmatique. On a constaté la nécessité de transmettre l’originalité de la culture étrangère qui se reflète dans l’humour spécifique, le jeu de mots, la langue parlée ainsi que dans les idées du réalisateur et du scénariste du film. Afin d’économiser l’espace, une tâche essentielle de la traduction des sous-titres consiste en emploi de l’omission des éléments qui ne sont pas obligatoires dans le cadre d’une certaine situation communicative pour comprendre le sens de la réplique.Документ Відкритий доступ Methodological potential of the US general education in shaping students’ liberal culture(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Fedorenko, S. V.The article highlights communication in the general education in the US as an effective tool for shaping students’ liberal culture. Goals and specific characteristics of communication training as a compulsory part of the bachelor program in the US higher education provided by the cycle of courses on the theory and practice of communication are considered. It is noted that communication-based courses provide students with communication models aimed at pragmatics of written and oral communication, which develops their effective communication skills as a part of the communication component of students’ liberal culture and at the same time serves as a tool of its shaping. The priority of communication in the US higher education as a basis for students’ entry into the academic, social and cultural life is specified. The peculiarities of discourse as the unity of sociocultural meanings of higher education and individualized educational practice are covered. It is focused on its specific process of creation and production of social and cultural meanings of life of every student in the course of the US general undergraduate education.Документ Відкритий доступ Mistake correction in teaching EFL(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Hordiienko, N. M.; Batiuta, T. V.This article deals with the importance of proper mistake correction in the process of teaching English as a foreign language as well as the challenges English language teachers regularly face when eliciting mistakes made by students. The analysis of the main strategies presented by leading local and foreign scientists concerning the problem of opportune mistake correction is carried out. The article focuses on the importance of the problem mentioned and provides detailed classification of different types of mistakes that can be made by students in the process of acquiring new language skills. Taking into consideration the deficiency of system development of methods and approaches to correcting mistakes during the lesson, the following scientific research is focused on scrutinising all sorts of possible solutions of the problem arising from the necessity to wisely correct mistakes. The problem of when to correct, how often and what kind of mistakes are to be corrected is given due consideration in the following article. The vital importance of facilitating favourable friendly atmosphere that would “allow” students to make mistakes is highlighted. Students’ psychological problems that may arise in the process of incorrect mistake correction are considered. The article is of great help to all foreign language teachers interested in effective implementation of modern techniques and approaches that can have a positive impact on the teaching process.Документ Відкритий доступ Particularites structurelles, semantiques et fonctionnelles des sigles medicaux francais(НТУУ «КПІ», 2016) Polyuk, I. S.Le présent article étudie la question du fonctionnement des sigles dans le discours médical, de leurs particularités structurelles, de leur classification basée sur le critère sémantique et formel. L'analyse de la question abordée a permis de définir les fonctions essentielles des abréviations françaises dans le discours médical vu ses particularités et ses intentions communicatives et ses buts pragmatiques, et constater que ces dernières réalisent la fonction d'économie des ressources langagières, du temps et des efforts, celle de la lexicalisation et de l'apparition des néologismes et la fonction confidentielle, liée au secret médical pour l'expression implicite et cachée d'une certaine information. On a distingué des types différents des abréviations françaises selon des critères différents: celles du type initial, qui peuvent être littérales, sonores ou littérales et sonores à la fois, des unités abrégées monosyllabiques, des mots réduits et des abréviations mixtes; des sigles graphiques, lexicaux et syntaxiques représentant des formes elliptiques. Grâce aux recherches consacrées à la sémantique des abréviations, nous avons élaboré une classification des sigles selon le critère mentionné ci-dessus. Il a été constaté un large emploi des abréviations empruntées à la langue anglaise et à la langue latine.
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