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Документ Відкритий доступ 3D-моделювання у виробництві нітратної кислоти(2018-12) Концева, Марія Володимирівна; Кримець, Григорій ВолодимировичАзотна промисловість являє собою одну з провідних підгалузей сучасної хімічної промисловості, що пояснюється важливим значенням зв’язаного азоту в народному господарстві. В технологічних схемах отримання нітратної кислоти процес каталітичного окиснення аміаку є дуже важливим, оскільки саме він визначає основні показники – витрату аміаку, вклад і втрати металів платинової групи, а також енергетичні можливості технологічної схеми. У зв’язку з цим удосконалення процесу каталітичного окиснення аміаку має велике значення для виробництва нітратної кислоти і мінеральних добрив в цілому. Метою магістерської дисертації було створення віртуальної 3d-моделі виробництва нітратної кислоти для покращення подальшого вивчення особливостей проектування окремих стадій цього процесу та будь-яких інших хіміко-технологічних процесів, а також перевірка адекватності опису реальної технології виробництва цією моделлю, шляхом проведення розрахунків за розробленими раніше алгоритмами. Об’єктом дослідження є процес виробництва нітратної кислоти, а предметом дослідження є 3d-модель даного виробництва, в процесі розробки якої застосовувалися такі емпіричні методи досліджень, як спостереження за реальним виробництвом, експеримент зі створення його віртуальної моделі та порівняння отриманої моделі із реальним виробництвом нітратної кислоти. В результаті виконання дисертації створена 3d-модель, яка може бути використана для більш повного вивчення процесу виробництва нітратної кислоти та виконання різноманітних варіацій розміщення об’єктів 3d-моделі, чим дозволяє полегшити завдання розробки проектів об’ємно-планувальних рішень.Документ Відкритий доступ Adsorption, Adsorbents and Catalysts Based on Them(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2019) Ivanenko, Iryna Mykolaivna; Dontsova, Tetiana Anatoliivna; Fedenko, Yurii MykolayovichThe material of this manual is set out in accordance with The Program of the discipline «Adsorption, Adsorbents and Catalysts Based on Them», covers and reveals most of the lecture material. It can have used by students at preparation to practical and laboratory classes, at performance individual and independent kinds of works, and also at preparation to control works and examination. The tutorial contains three sections. The first section extended the technology of carbon sorbents. The second section contains the technologies of main mineral pigments, the classification and appointment of mineral pigments. The third section contains laboratory work, the purpose of which is the practical mastering of the material described in the two preceding sections.Документ Відкритий доступ Applied Inorganic Chemistry(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2019) Kosogina, Iryna Volodymyrivna; Astrelin, Ihor Mykhaylovych; Fedenko, Yurii Mykolayovych; Kyrii, Svitlana OleksandrivnaДокумент Відкритий доступ Chemistry(NTUU «KPI», 2016) Vasiliev, OleksandrДокумент Відкритий доступ Chemistry, Technology and Equipment for Wastewater Treatment. Laboratory Workshop(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2018-06-21) Tolstopalova, Nataliya Mykhailivna; Kosogina, Iryna Volodymyrivna; Obushenko, Tetiana Ivanivna; Fedenko, Yurii Mykolayovich; Толстопалова, Наталія Михайлівна; Косогіна, Ірина Володимирівна; Обушенко, Тетяна Іванівна; Феденко, Юрій МиколайовичДокумент Відкритий доступ CHEMISTRY. Ion exchange and oxidation-reduction reactions in solutions(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2024) O. Ivanyyk. VThe main theoretical concepts, basic theoretical material by sections: solutions and solutions of electrolytes, thermodynamics and kinetics of electrochemical processes, chemical current sources, electrolysis, corrosion proposed by the Syllabus of the educational component "Chemistry" are outlined. The manual reflects the modern understanding of the structure of the atom and the processes of oxidation and reduction in reactions. Special attention is paid to the calculation part and the mathematical mechanism of each topic. Examples of solving typical and complicated problems are given. The manual contains tasks for self-control, necessary reference materials. The manual is intended for bachelor's degree holders in technical specialties.Документ Відкритий доступ Composites of manganese oxides and oxidehydroxides with halloysite as degradation photocatalysts(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2025) Kovinchuk, Iryna Vasylivna; Sokolskyi, Heorhii Volodymyrovych; Lazzara GiuseppeKovinchuk I.V. Composites of manganese oxides and oxidehydroxides with halloysite as degradation photocatalysts. – Qualification scientific work in the form of a manuscript. Joint doctoral thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in specialty 161 “Chemical Technologies and Engineering”. – National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and Doctor of Philosophy in “Physical and Chemical Sciences”. – University of Palermo (Italy), Kyiv, 2025. The dissertation is devoted to the study of the influence of synthesis conditions, phase composition, and structure on the functionality of composites based on manganese oxides and oxidehydroxides for the photocatalytic degradation of model organic compounds: aqueous solutions of dyes and polyethene films under UV- and Vis. light irradiation. The work considers the relationship between synthesis conditions and phase composition, morphology, band gap width, and specific surface area of the products with their efficiency as photocatalysts. In addition, the influence of halloysite aluminosilicate nanotubes on the physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activity of composite materials, as well as the behavior of manganese oxides and oxyhydroxides relative towards their surface, was investigated. The photocatalytic activity of standard materials MnO2, TiO2 and their mechanical mixture was studied at the photocatalytic degradation of polyethylene films under the influence of UV- and visible light irradiation. This study included a comparison of the mass loss of containing photocatalyst PE films with the pure film. The MnO2/TiO2 mixture demonstrated the highest efficiency with a film mass loss of 21.3% after 90 hours of irradiation. The degradation mechanism was evaluated by the relative intensity of the peaks of the FTIR spectra corresponding to the carbonyl, hydroxyl and ether indices. It was established that the mechanical mixture of y-MnO2 with TiO2 causes synergy action with a greater degree of degradation at all intermediate stages of PE oxidation since the vibrations of functional groups of the intermediates are more intense compared with the PE/TiO2 film. In addition, the carbonyl index shows a relatively more significant accumulation of the corresponding groups. Therefore, the conversion occurs much faster than in other samples at all stages, which indicates the nonspecificity of the catalytic action of the formed radicals towards PE oxidation intermediates on the y-MnO2 photocatalyst with TiO2. It was found that during chemical precipitation from MnSO4 solution using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant composite material with different ratios of manganese oxides and oxidehydroxides with valences from +2 to +4 are formed. The medium's acidity and the presence of NH4 + dopants in the reaction medium play a decisive role. It was shown that at pH = 10 the main phase formed are the low-valent manganese oxides hausmannite Mn3O4 in the presence of excess ammonium ions, and bixbyite Mn2O3 in its absence. While at lower pH values = 5-7 the main product is manganite y-MnOOH and groutite a-MnOOH with traces of manganese oxide 4+ in excess NH4 + . The nature of the interaction of manganese oxides with the surface of halloysite nanotubes was studied by the transmission electron microscopy. It was found that in TEM images of samples synthesized in the presence of an excess of ammonium ions in the reaction mixture (CS2 and CS-6), a darkening of the lumen area of the nanotubes is observed, which may indicate its filling, while in the absence of an excess of ammonium (CS-1 and CS-7), particles of manganese oxides and oxidehydroxides decorate the outer surface of halloysite. The measured specific surface area of the synthesized samples is by 3-3.5 times higher (55-66 m2 /g) compared to the standard MnO2 PCP sample. At the same time, the presence of halloysite nanotubes did not significantly affect this parameter. The diffuse reflection spectra were recorded and the band gap width using the Tauk plot was calculated. The band gap values of Eg = 2.28-2.38 eV were established for samples CS5-CS-9. In turn, the values of 2.52 and 2.7 eV were measured for the lower-valence samples CS-1 and CS-2, respectively. Thus, in accordance with semiconductor properties of these composites, their potential photocatalytic activity belongs to the visible light range. The dynamic light scattering method data on the average size of composite material aggregates and the TEM image analysis data of sizes of individual nanoparticles were evaluated. In both cases, the synthesized samples exhibit smaller sizes compared to the standard MnO2 PCP sample, ranging between 117–175 nm for aggregates and 7–12 nm for nanoparticles. A series of electrochemically deposited samples was synthesised to expand the range of phase states of the materials studied. The influence of acidity and the presence of dopant ions of NH4 + and Cr3+on the synthesised samples’ morphology, phase composition, and physicochemical properties was investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of composite oxide materials consisting of a-, y-, e- and b-phases of MnO2 in various proportions. It was established that NH4 + ions in excess stabilise the electrodeposition of hollandite, a-, and birnessite, b-, phases of MnO2, while their absence favours the formation of the ramsdellite y- and e-MnO2 phases. The samples with a predominant hollandite phase of MnO2 demonstrated the highest specific surface area, reaching a maximum of 215 m²/g for sample ED-12, indicating the achievement of a diffusion-controlled deposition regime. In comparison, samples with a predominant e- MnO2 phase exhibited smaller surface areas, specifically 65.65 m²/g for ED-13 and 82.88 m²/g for ED-2. The particle size distribution and morphology of MnO2 were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy images. For samples ED-2 and ED-6, which are composites of y- and e-MnO2, plate-like formations with an average nanoparticle size of 70 ± 15 nm were observed. Samples with a predominant alpha-phase exhibited a needlelike morphology. The synthesized manganese dioxide electrodeposited (ED) samples are semiconductors with a band gap width ranging from 2.16 to 2.36 eV. Doping with Cr3+ ions reduced the band gap by approximately 0.3–0.5 eV due to introducing new electron donor levels. The Mulliken electronegativity and the positions of the valence and conduction bands were calculated for the electro-synthesized samples. Sample ED-6 demonstrated a conduction band position at 0.12 eV (vs the standard hydrogen electrode, SHE) and a valence band at 2.49 eV (SHE), with the broadest band gap of 3.36 eV, indicating the potential of this sample for photocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen. Differential scanning calorimetry combined with mass spectrometry was performed on selected electro-synthesized samples. This analysis enabled the identification of the thermal decomposition products and temperature intervals of their release. These findings provide insight into defect levels based on the Ruetschi cation vacancy model. According to this model, the content of cation vacancies () in manganese dioxide samples, predominantly of the ramsdellite modification, can be estimated. As energetically non-equivalent positions, these crystal lattice defects being in the material’s surface layers can significantly enhance its catalytic activity. The calculated formulas for the electrodeposited samples are presented below. Mn0.81 4+ Mn0.15 3+ 0.04 O1.69 2− OHO.3 ED-6 MN0.68 4+ Mn0.28 3+ 0.04 O1.55 2− OHO.45 ED-8 Both y-MnO2 (ED-6) and a-MnO2 (ED-8) Samples (see the names of Samples in the text below) exhibit the same content of cation vacancies; however, ED-8 is distinguished by two times higher Mn3+ content. It was established that the composite samples of low-valent manganese oxides, CS2 and CS-1, exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity toward the cationic dye Methylene Blue. This is likely due to the presence of halloysite nanotubes in the composites, which feature is a negatively charged outer surface. This provides a synergistic effect, facilitating pollutant degradation by more efficient transport of the dye from the solution bulk to the photocatalyst surface. For the anionic dye Congo Red, the highest efficiency was demonstrated by sample CS-8, which consists of higher valent a-MnOOH and y-/BMnO2. This sample has the narrowest band gap (1.99 eV) among all chemically synthesized samples. The further insight was made by analysis of the band gap potential diagrams of CS-series of samples and MO-diagram with HOMO and LUMO of a dye. It was revealed that CS-1,CS-2 samples have well aligned EC edges of HNTs, MnxOy and LUMO MB levels. It can be suggested that this feature is responsible for the positive influence of HNT’s surface decoration by MnxOy on photocatalytic activity of MB degradation due to new option of direct electron transfer of photoelectron from EC of both HNTs & MnxOy and following MB dye reduction. It is also evident from this diagram for CR dye that only CS-8 Sample has favorably aligned EV to HOMO level of CR dye and, probably, this feature can be responsible for the faster direct oxidation of CR by holes from the valence band of CS-8 as a photocatalyst. Thus, distinctly active behavioir of CS- 1&CS-2 photocatalysts toward MB degradation as well as CS-8 Sample high activity toward CR destruction can be explained by the semiconducting properties of these photocatalysts. According to the results obtained, it was proposed to apply the materials synthesized in this work for photodegradable coatings on PE surface, compared to their incorporation into the bulk of a film. A method of attaching nanomaterials onto polyethylene films through the partial dissolution of their surface has been developed. The introduction of 2.59% by mass of halloysite nanotubes was achieved when immersing the PE film in a suspension of HNTs in cyclohexane at 50°C for 120 s, and 2.51% at a suspension temperature of 60°C for 60 s. The decrease in the contact angle in the first case is more pronounced than in the second one. Considering the hydrophilic properties of halloysite, it can be assumed that treatment at 50°C leaves a greater amount of HNTs onto the surface, while at 60°C, the nanomaterial penetrates in-depth of the film. In addition, an adhesive composition was developed for applying nanomaterials to PE films without the need to dissolve polyethylene and heat. Polyvinylpyrrolidone was chosen as the base, polyethylene glycol was added as a plasticizer in a ratio of 7:1 by weight. The optimal ratios of solvent and polymer base for applying the composition to PE films using a spray and a sponge were determined. For the spray, they were 1 to 18, for the sponge - 1 to 15. Studies of decorated films using an optical microscope confirmed the uniform distribution of nanomaterial over the entire surface of the film using the developed compositions. A block diagram for the chemical synthesis of a composite material for further use as a photocatalyst for the degradation of aqueous solutions of organic pollutants (dyes) has been developed. The material balance for the synthesis of 1 kg of the sample was calculated and the heat of its formation was estimated. The practical significance is confirmed by the following. The developed methods for introducing photocatalysts into and onto polyethylene films are intended for practical use for the photodegradation of polymers. To achieve effective degradation, it is possible to coat an already manufactured film with composite materials with halloysite nanotubes and manganese oxides/oxydehydroxides. A promising candidate for such a coating, which is considered in this study, is a mechanical mixture of TiO2 and MnO2. Electrostatic interactions between metal ions and the HNT surface allow for controlled decoration of HNTs with deposited particles of Mn oxides and oxydehydroxides. This effect is especially relevant for the development of new functional materials in photocatalysis and catalysis. The study showed that composites CS-2 and CS-1 exhibit high activity in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye, while CS-8 and CS-9 effectively photodegrade Congo red. This opens up promising opportunities for practical application. A technology for the synthesis of manganese oxides and oxide-hydroxide photocatalytic material with halloysite CS-2 is proposed.Документ Відкритий доступ Construction Materials in the Productions of Inorganic Substances(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2022) Ivanenko, Iryna Mykolayivna; Fedenko, Yurii MykolayovychДокумент Відкритий доступ Formation Of Chemical-Oriented Competences In Scientific Technical Universities: Timeliness And Necessity(Гнозіс, 2019) Pidgornyy, Andriy; Duda, TetianaДокумент Відкритий доступ Innovative inorganic technologies(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2022) Dontsova, Tetiana; Kutuzova, AnastasiyaДокумент Відкритий доступ Investigation of removal of hexavalent chromium and divalent cobalt from aqueous solutions by organo-montmorillonite supported iron nanoparticles(2016) Прус, Вікторія Валеріївна; Жданюк, Наталія ВасилівнаA new class of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles supported on natural montmorillonite and organo-montmorillonite were synthesized and the feasibility for the removal of and was examined through laboratory batch test. The X – ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR) investigation has been applied for determination of the particle size and mechanism of remediation process. The aim of this study was to enhance the reduction of persistent environmental pollutants difficult to degrade by immobilization of nanoscale zero-valent iron on an organo-montmorillonite. Batch experiments indicated that the reduction of both and was much greater with organo-montmorillonite supported iron nanoparticles reaching removal rate up to 98.5% and 95.6% respectively at the initial metal concentrations of 50 mg/L. Iron and crystalline iron oxide were detected by X-ray diffraction patterns. In the FTIR spectrum, CH2 groups were found in iron nanoparticles supported on hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide modified montmorillonite (HDTMA-Mont/nZVI) particles but were significantly weakened in comparison with the spectrum of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (HDTMA). Other factor that affects the efficiency of heavy metals removal such as pH values was also investigated. The obtained data and review of the current literature have given the opportunity to figure out the mechanisms of and removal which may thus promote the industrial application of nZVI technique in environmental remediation by changing the hydrophilic – hydrophobic properties of source systems.Документ Відкритий доступ Materials based on silica and aluminosilicate for environmental protection(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2025) Yu Junjie; Tobilko, ViktoriiaYu Junjie. Materials based on silica and aluminosilicate for environmental protection. – Qualification research work presented as a manuscript. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in specialty 161 Chemical Technologies and Engineering. – National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,” Kyiv, 2025. This dissertation is devoted to the development of silicate materials based on natural and artificial raw materials for protecting water from pollution by various toxic substances. The development of water purification technologies for removing heavy metal ions and organic dyes using effective adsorption materials based on accessible and low-cost raw materials is economically justified. Promising materials in this regard include natural (layered aluminosilicates), artificial (synthesized silicas), and even technogenic silicates (fly ash). By applying various surface modification methods to inorganic materials using modern synthesis techniques, it is possible to obtain new chemically and thermally stable sorbents with improved structural-adsorption characteristics and physicochemical properties. The production of so-called “low-cost” materials based on natural aluminosilicate raw materials in granulated form enables quick separation of solid and liquid phases after adsorption purification, without the need for special equipment. A key and topical issue is the study of specific features of obtaining materials based on modified synthetic silicas and aluminosilicates, as well as the investigation of physicochemical patterns involved in the removal of heavy metals and cationic dyes from water using such materials. The first chapter of the dissertation presents an analytical review of scientific literature on adsorption materials used for the protection of aquatic environments. It examines the sources of heavy metal ions and organic dyes entering water, as well as existing methods for purifying natural and wastewater from such pollutants. Special attention is given to adsorption processes, the factors influencing them, and the practical application of sorption materials in water treatment technologies. The chapter also analyzes methods for obtaining mesoporous adsorbents based on syntheticsilicates (silica) and natural or artificial aluminosilicate materials. Various approaches to chemical modification of these materials and their fields of application are studied. The second chapter describes the methodologies for obtaining adsorption materials, including synthetic silica with a zero-valent iron layer, amino-functionalized silica, commercial silica gel modified with nickel oxide, granulated samples based on saponite and sodium alginate, and mesoporous adsorbents synthesized using fly ash. A list of reagents, materials, and equipment used to prepare the adsorbents is provided. The reliability of the obtained results is ensured by the use of modern instrumental research methods. Surface morphology of the materials was studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Phase composition and surface chemistry were analyzed using Xray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Porous structure parameters were determined using low-temperature nitrogen adsorption– desorption methods. Thermal stability was assessed using differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the rheological properties of clay suspensions were measured, along with functional group content on the surface of the adsorbents and granule stability in aqueous media. Sorption techniques were used to study the physicochemical characteristics of heavy metal ion and dye removal from water. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was applied to determine initial and equilibrium concentrations of copper ions, while the spectrophotometric method was used for determining dye concentrations in solution. The third chapter is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) modified with zero-valent iron and 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane, as well as to the study of their efficiency in removing copper ions from aqueous solutions. The optimal synthesis parameters were determined, particularly the influence of synthesis time on the formation of monodisperse silica microspheres with controlled structural and physicochemical characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a broad diffraction peak at 2θ = 22°, indicating the formation of amorphous silica in all samples, regardless of synthesis duration (1.5, 3, and 5 hours – labeled as DMSN-1.5, DMSN-3, and DMSN-5). Infraredspectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic vibrational bands for Si – OH, O – Si – O, and Si – O – Si bonds, typical for amorphous SiO2. Surface morphology studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed that the silica microspheres synthesized under different stirring durations are monodisperse spheres with a diameter of approximately 200 nm and contain visible pores. The DMSN-1.5 sample exhibited a nanoscopic rim structure around 7 nm in thickness and well-defined mesopores. Extending the synthesis time to 3 hours caused the thin nanosheet-like edges to transform into thicker ribbon-like rims, increasing their size to 16 nm, while maintaining the overall 200 nm particle diameter. Further extending the reaction time to 5 hours resulted in edge thickening up to 22 nm, but also led to partial loss of monodispersity, suggesting that prolonging the synthesis beyond this point is not advisable. Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis showed that all SiO2 microsphere samples exhibit type IV isotherms with H3-type hysteresis loops according to IUPAC classification, indicating mesoporous structures formed by uniform spherical particles. The pore sizes ranged from approximately 5 to 50 nm. The specific surface areas were 504 m²/g, 452 m²/g, and 308 m²/g for DMSN-1.5, DMSN3, and DMSN-5, respectively. It was concluded that a synthesis time of 1.5 hours is optimal for achieving a high specific surface area and favorable morphology without significant pore coalescence or excessive rim thickening. A adsorbent material (Fe⁰@DMSN) was obtained by depositing zero-valent iron particles onto the surface of DMSN-1.5. Successful modification was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and infrared spectroscopy. The low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of the studied samples correspond to type IV isotherms according to IUPAC classification, featuring H3-type hysteresis loops typical for mesoporous materials. The specific surface area of the modified sample was found to be nearly half that of the synthesized DMSN, which may be attributed to Fe⁰ occupying or partially blocking the DMSN pore channels. Pore size distribution revealed a broad range of pore diameters between 3 and 50 nm. It was established that under pH = 5.7, the maximum adsorption capacity of Fe⁰@DMSN toward copper ions reached 39.8 mg·g⁻¹, which is approximately 57times higher than that of the unmodified DMSN-1.5 (0.7 mg·g⁻¹). The kinetics of Cu²⁺ removal were described by a pseudo-first-order model. An amino-functionalized adsorbent (DMSN-NH2) was obtained by chemically modifying dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles with 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane. It was determined that the content of – NH₂ groups in the modified sample is significantly higher than the content of – OH groups in the unmodified material: 2.03 meq/g versus 0.16 meq/g, respectively. Successful attachment of amino groups to the surface of the silica particles was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis methods. The low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms of both samples correspond to type IV isotherms with H3-type hysteresis loops according to the IUPAC classification. This is characteristic of mesoporous materials, as confirmed by the obtained pore size distribution. It was found that the unmodified DMSN exhibits almost no adsorption capacity toward copper ions at pH 6, with a removal efficiency of only 15%. In contrast, DMSN-NH₂ demonstrates highly efficient Cu(II) removal across the entire tested pH range, with only a slight decrease in removal efficiency from 99% to 87% as the pH increases from 3 to 6. The adsorption equilibrium was reached relatively quickly. Structural-sorption, morphological, and adsorption studies showed that amino functionalization of the DMSN surface significantly enhances its efficiency in removing copper ions from aqueous solutions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate the formation of coordination bonds between Cu²⁺ ions and amino groups, suggesting a combination of physical adsorption and chemisorption processes. Regeneration studies of the used adsorbent indicate its potential for repeated use. The forth chapter presents the results of adsorption removal of copper ions and methylene blue using materials based on commercial silica gel modified with nickel oxide at different mass ratios (SiO₂@0.5NiO and SiO₂@NiO). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful deposition of nickel oxide on the silica surface. The obtained low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms correspond to type IV according to IUPAC classification, indicating a mesoporous structure. The hysteresis loop shape suggests that the porous structure of all samples is formed byspherical particles of uniform size, arranged in a homogeneous packing with cylindrical pore channels. These materials also exhibit a narrow mesopore size distribution in the range of approximately 2.5–3 nm, as confirmed by pore size distribution data. It was shown that in the series SiO₂ > SiO₂@0.5NiO > SiO₂@NiO, the specific surface area of the adsorbents decreased from 411 m²/g to 186 m²/g. The commercial SiO₂ exhibited practically no copper ion adsorption, with a maximum capacity of 0.2 mg/g at pH 5.5. For the modified samples, the degree of Cu²⁺ removal increased with increasing pH. The maximum adsorption capacities at pH 5.5 were 0.9 mg/g for SiO₂@0.5NiO and 1.7 mg/g for SiO₂@NiO. Copper ion removal was found to be relatively fast. Adsorption equilibrium was established within 1 hour, with 51% removal achieved within the first 15 minutes for SiO₂@NiO - significantly higher than for unmodified SiO₂. These results indicate that the sorption capacity of silica gel is significantly enhanced after surface modification with nickel oxide. Specifically, the maximum adsorption capacity increased by approximately 5 times for SiO₂@0.5NiO and by nearly 10 times for SiO₂@NiO. The study also showed that methylene blue removal from solution by the synthesized materials occurred rapidly. The highest adsorption capacity (19.3 mg/g) was observed for the sample with a SiO₂ to NiO mass ratio of 1:0.5. The fifth chapter presents experimental data on the removal of copper ions using sorbent materials based on natural and technogenic aluminosilicates. Granules were obtained using saponite modified with ferrihydrite and sodium alginate, as well as a mesoporous adsorbent derived from fly ash coated with a zeolite layer. To obtain granules that are stable in aqueous media, the rheological behavior of clay suspensions based on saponite and biopolymer with varying component mass ratios was investigated. It was established that these systems are thixotropic, and their viscosity— when the same amount of sodium alginate is added-depends on the solid phase content. Based on these results, the appropriate conditions for granulation were selected. It was found that the amount of sodium alginate added significantly affects the stability of the granules in water. The structural-sorption characteristics and thermal properties of the resulting granulated adsorbents were studied, and their potential application for theremoval of heavy metal ions from water was demonstrated. The morphology, phase composition, and chemical structure of sorbents based on aluminosilicate microspheres with a zeolite coating were examined. It was shown that during synthesis, fly ash serves as the source of silicon, while the aluminate solution provides sodium and aluminum. The deposition of a zeolite phase on the surface of fly ash increased the sorption capacity for copper ions from 4.94 mg/g to 6.53 mg/g. However, to further improve efficiency, longer synthesis durations at higher temperatures are required. This study presents, for the first time, an in-depth investigation into the synthesis of adsorption materials based on dendritic mesoporous silica and commercial silica gel with enhanced structural and sorption characteristics. These improvements were achieved through surface modification with zero-valent iron nanoparticles, 3- aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and nickel oxide. The rheological behavior of suspensions based on natural and modified saponite with sodium alginate was examined, and the optimal conditions were determined for producing granulated, water-stable, low-cost adsorbents. Additionally, a mesoporous material coated with a zeolite layer was synthesized using technogenic aluminosilicate waste (fly ash) under relatively simple synthesis conditions and with accessible laboratory equipment. The physicochemical mechanisms of copper ion and methylene blue dye removal using the synthesized adsorbents were studied. The results confirm the promising potential of these materials for efficient purification of water contaminated with such pollutants. From a practical standpoint, the functional materials obtained in this work may be applied in the development of new effective sorbents based on silicates and natural or artificial aluminosilicates for protecting aquatic environments from inorganic and organic toxicants. These sorbents are especially relevant for use in the chemical, food, and mining industries.Документ Відкритий доступ Obtaining stabilized nanodispersed iron based on organofilized montmorillonite(2016) Zhdanyuk, Nataliya Vasylivna; Kovalchuk, Irina Andriivna; Kornilovych, BorysДокумент Відкритий доступ Organo-mineral textured coatings with enhanced water repellency(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2025) Li Che; Myronyuk, OleksiyLi Che. Organo-mineral textured coatings with enhanced water repellency. - Qualified scientific work on the rights of the manuscript. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty 161 - Chemical Technologies and Engineering and Knowledge branch 16 – Chemical Engineering and bioengineering - National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, 2025. This study is aimed at establishing the possibility of using scalable organomineral surfaces to achieve tunable water wettability. To this end, systems comprising a mineral filler with particles of controlled shape and a polymer binder, as well as a thin organic layer with an extractive texture on the surface, are considered. The study demonstrates the relationship between the size, shape, and hierarchy of the textureforming elements and the surfaces' water-repellent properties, as well as their durability under ultraviolet radiation exposure. This study also contributes to addressing the major challenge of scaling up superhydrophobic surfaces. Since the systems investigated here are based on polymer binders combined with dispersed mineral fillers, this approach can be readily scaled to produce such coatings over large areas using existing manufacturing technologies. The purpose of this study is to establish the connection between the structure and water repellency of organo-mineral surfaces. The object of research is textured surfaces with tuned water repellency on the base of organic interface layer and mineral texture forming elements. The subject of research is the formation of water repellency of textures consisting of mineral structure formers and organic binding and interface layers. It has been shown that in organo-mineral systems based on dispersed particles - using red mud as an example - the water-repellent properties are governed by a combination of key factors: the ability of the particles to form a textured coatingsurface, which in turn depends on the ratio between the particles and the polymer matrix; the surface inertness of the filler particles, with higher inertness leading to more stable water-repellent surfaces; and the particle size, as smaller particles contribute to higher contact angles and thus improved water-repellent performance. Using an integrated approach based on hydrothermal synthesis, Zn-O-based particles with tunable morphology were obtained. By adjusting parameters such as temperature, catalyst type, reaction medium acidity, and the presence of doping agents (e.g., titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide), it is possible to control the particle size within a range of several tens to hundreds of nanometers, introduce hierarchical surface structures, and tailor the shape of the primary crystals, including plate-like, elongated, or irregular particles with complex architectures. It has been shown that the use of hierarchical zinc oxide-based particles, particularly those doped with titanium dioxide, leads to a significant enhancement in water-repellent performance compared to undoped or structurally simple particles. The observed increase in contact angle is approximately 20°, enabling the creation of truly superhydrophobic surfaces based on these hierarchical structures. It has also been demonstrated that superhydrophobic surfaces can be achieved over a broader range of nanoparticle concentrations (20-60 wt. %) when the particles possess a hierarchical surface structure. Unlike those lacking a distinct dual-level hierarchy, such particles enable stable water repellency even as the filler concentration varies. The studied materials with high specific surface area have shown strong potential for use in atmospheric water harvesting from fog. It was found that hydrophobic surfaces enable condensation of up to 7 grams of water per minute. In contrast, hydrophilic surfaces—achieved either by using unmodified mineral particles or by annealing—can collect up to 8.5 grams of atmospheric moisture per minute. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: For the first time, it has been demonstrated - using red mud as an example - that surface inactivation of its particles, achieved by reducing their polarity through thermal treatment at 950 °C and modification with organosilicon compounds, enables the effective use of such waste as texture-forming components in the production of coatings with pronounced waterrepellent properties. In particular, contact angles of approximately 143° were achieved on the treated surfaces. This study advances the theoretical understanding of the formation of waterrepellent surfaces composed of dispersed micro- and nanoparticles embedded in organic polymer matrices. It was shown that particle surface topography and their chemical inertness play a critical role in generating effective surface texture. Additionally, fine-tuning the ratio between the polymer and the film-forming agent allows precise control over the coating structure, enabling the achievement of maximum contact angles. In this work, contact angles as high as 154° were obtained. This study further develops the understanding of the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO)- based particles with tunable morphology. It has been demonstrated that the particle shape is governed by a combination of factors, including the type of catalyst used, the synthesis temperature, the presence of dopants such as TiO₂ and SiO₂, and the ZnO-todopant ratio. By adjusting these parameters, it is possible to control the particle morphology, ranging from plate-like structures typical of pure ZnO to complex hierarchical architectures characteristic of doped forms. It has been shown that doped forms of zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals exhibit pronounced photoactivity. This effect is significantly enhanced when titanium dioxide (TiO₂) is used as a dopant. Specifically, photoluminescence analysis revealed that at a ZnO:TiO₂ ratio of 2:1, the photoactivity increases by approximately 6.5 times compared to undoped ZnO. For the first time, it has been demonstrated that the use of titanium-dioxide-doped zinc oxide particles with a highly developed surface structure leads to a significant enhancement in water-repellent properties compared to conventional nanoscale ZnO particles. At high filler loadings, the contact angle increases from 135° to 154°, classifying such coatings as superhydrophobic. It has been demonstrated for the first time that the developed hierarchical micro/nanostructure of doped zinc oxide particles enables the formation of highly water-repellent surfaces across a broad range of mass ratios between the polymer matrix and the mineral texture-forming particles. Specifically, when the content of doped ZnO/CO₂ particles ranges from 20% to 60%, contact angles remain above 140°. In contrast, the use of individual TiO₂, CO₂, or ZnO particles results in such high waterrepellent performance only within much narrower concentration ranges. It has been shown that coatings containing texturing elements based on modified ZnO particles doped with TiO₂ and SiO₂ exhibit high resistance to UV-induced hydrophilization. These coatings transition from the Cassie–Baxter state to the Wenzel state only after 170 hours of UV exposure, while maintaining a contact angle of approximately 120°. Complete hydrophilization occurs only after 250–280 hours of continuous irradiation. It has been shown that textured surfaces, particularly those with hierarchical micro/nanostructures, are effective for fog water collection. The efficiency of water harvesting significantly increases upon hydrophilization of the surface, with an observed improvement of approximately 30–45% compared to hydrophobic surfaces. The practical significance of the obtained results is as follows: In the course of this work, a novel synthesis method was developed for doped hierarchical ZnO–SiO₂ and ZnO–TiO₂ particles. These materials can serve as a basis for water-repellent textured coatings and are also considered promising hydrophilic materials for atmospheric moisture harvesting. Additionally, both types of particles exhibit pronounced photoactive properties, expanding their potential for use in multifunctional surface applications. The developed organo-mineral coating formulations based on composite hierarchical ZnO particles doped with titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide exhibit stability under ultraviolet irradiation for over 170 hours. These coatings retain their hydrophobic properties under prolonged UV exposure, making them promising candidates for use as UV-resistant water-repellent surfaces.Документ Відкритий доступ Production of medical droppers of plasticized PVC by extrusion(КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2021-12) Шаоцзе, Чжан; Миронюк, ОлексійПояснювальна записка до дипломного проекту «Production of medical droppers of plasticized PVC by extrusion», 101 сторінок, 4 рисунків, 21 таблиці, посилання.1 додатки. Розроблено проект технологічного процесу виготовлення медичних крапельниць. Проектом є вибір технологічних схем сировини та обладнання. З огляду на особливості сировини та обладнання вимоги нормативних документів до них. Матеріальний баланс розраховували відповідно до заданої виробничої потужності. Схема автоматичного управління і блок управління розділені. Наведено економічну доцільність використання цього методу розрахунку. Наведено інженерні рішення щодо охорони навколишнього середовища та безпеки праці та утилізації відходів. Проект доповнено графічною документацією, схемами та таблицямиДокумент Відкритий доступ Research of chromium (VI) ion adsorption by montmorillonite modified by cationic surfactants(PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER, 2016) Zhdanyuk, NataliyaДокумент Відкритий доступ Research on modified MOF materials for water pesticide pollutant purification(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2025) Zhou Zhentao; Dontsova, TetianaZhou Zhentao. Research on modified MOF materials for water pesticide pollutant purification. – Qualified scientific work on the rights of the manuscript. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty 161 – Chemical Technologies and Engineering – National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", Kyiv, 2025. This dissertation is divided into two main parts: the first is the study of a Ti-MOFbased NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 composite photocatalytic system; the second is the study of an M88A@TA-X photo-Fenton catalytic system based on Fe-MOF modified with tannic acid and calcined. In the first part, the physicochemical structure of the NH2- MIL-125/TiO2 composites and their photocatalytic degradation performance of the insecticide imidacloprid in water are studied in detail. In the second part, the physicochemical structure of the M88A@TA-X series of materials, their photo-Fenton degradation performance of the herbicide atrazine, and their potential applications are studied in detail. This work investigates the photocatalytic activity of NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 composites synthesized at different dosage ratios of TiO2 and TPOT (the precursor of NH2-MIL-125). The results show that all NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 composites exhibit superior catalytic performance compared to pure NH2-MIL-125. Furthermore, we found that the material synthesized with a TiO2/TPOT ratio of 1:1 (NH2-MIL125/TiO2-100%) exhibited optimal catalytic activity (removing 100% of imidacloprid in 90 minutes). Increasing the TiO2/TPOT ratio from 0.35:1 to 1:1 showed animprovement in catalytic activity. However, further increasing the TiO2/TPOT ratio (from 1:1 to 2:1) did not lead to a further increase in catalytic activity. Therefore, this study used NH2-MIL-125/TiO2-100% as a representative material for characterization. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Infrared absorption spectrum (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) characterization demonstrated that TiO2 successfully incorporated into the NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 composite during its preparation, and that its incorporation did not disrupt the basic lattice and chemical structure of NH2-MIL-125. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results demonstrated that the TiO2 in the NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 composite was uniformly dispersed on the surface, facilitating contact between the catalyst and the pollutant during the reaction. Furthermore, Ultraviolet-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) results indicate that the band gap energy of NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 is 2.58 eV, lower than that of NH2-MIL-125 (2.68 eV) and TiO2 (3.36 eV). This suggests that NH2-MIL125/TiO2 has a wider spectral response range, thus favoring photocatalytic reactions. For a photo-Fenton catalyst (M88A@TA-X) prepared by modifying Fe-MOF (MIL-88A, denoted as M88A), this paper discusses the effects of different modification methods (including calcination temperature and whether tannic acid modification was used before calcination) on the photo-Fenton catalytic performance of the catalyst. Results showed that M88A@TA-2, modified with tannic acid and calcined at 200 °C, exhibited the best photo-Fenton activity, achieving 100% atrazine degradation within 30 minutes. Its reaction rate constant was 0.164 min⁻¹, 32.8 and 5.5 times that of M88A (0.005 min⁻¹) and M88A@TA (0.030 min⁻¹), respectively. M88A@TA-3 and M88A@TA-4, synthesized at higher temperatures, exhibited significantly reduced or completely inactivated activities. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of M88A-2(synthesized by calcining MIL-88A at 200 °C without TA modification) showed almost no increase compared with that of pure MIL-88A. These findings confirm that tannic acid modification and calcination at 200°C are crucial for enhancing the catalytic activity of MIL-88A. In addition to evaluating the photo-Fenton degradation rates of various materials, we also assessed their H2O2 consumption rates during the photoFenton reaction. Results show that M88A@TA-2 exhibits approximately fourfold higher H2O2 utilization efficiency than M88A, which holds great promise for its future practical applications. To investigate the mechanism underlying the excellent photo-Fenton activity of M88A@TA-2, the morphology and phase structure of the prepared material were characterized using SEM, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BrunauerEmmett-Teller surface area analysis (BET) methods. Results indicate that M88A@TA2 exhibits a loose and porous structure compared to unmodified M88A. Furthermore, its surface area, at 44 m2 /g, is significantly higher than that of M88A (13 m2 /g). Furthermore, XRD, XPS, TGA, and FTIR characterizations demonstrate that M88A@TA-2 possesses a rich defect structure. The band structure of the prepared material was investigated using UV-Vis DRS and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) valence band spectroscopy. Results show that, thanks to defects regulating the band structure, the band gap energy of M88A@TA-2 (2.70 eV) is higher than that of M88A (2.94 eV), resulting in superior light absorption. This paper also discusses the mechanism by which M88A@TA-2 degrades atrazine in water via a photo-Fenton catalytic reaction. First, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy characterization confirmed that the primary reactive oxygen species in the photo-Fenton catalytic reaction are ·OH and 1O2. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was used to analyze samples from the photo-Fenton degradation of atrazine using M88A@TA-2, revealing the degradation products. Furthermore, the photo-Fenton degradation products of atrazine by M88A@TA-2 after the addition of different ROS scavengers were analyzed to infer the effects of different ROS on the degradation products. The results further confirm that ·OH and 1O2 are the dominant ROS in the M88A@TA-2 photo-Fenton system. The scientific novelty of the dissertation lies in the following provisions. A new composite photocatalyst, NH₂-MIL-125/TiO₂, based on metal-organic framework (MOF) semiconductors, has been synthesised. This combines the high light absorption capacity of NH₂-MIL-125 with the high oxidation capacity of TiO₂, allowing for greater photocatalytic activity. A new, simple synthesis method has been proposed which includes stages of modification with tannic acid and calcination. This method allows the synthesis of M88A@TA-2 material containing a large number of defects, demonstrating high photo-Fenton catalytic activity and extremely high H₂O₂ utilisation efficiency at low concentrations. This significantly reduces the energy consumption of the photo-Fenton process. Furthermore, a mechanism for the photo-Fenton decomposition of atrazine using the M88A@TA-2 catalyst has been proposed, providing valuable information for future research in the field of photo-Fenton catalysis. The practical significance of this work lies in establishing the optimal conditions for the synthesis of the NH2-MIL-125/TiO2 composite, which provides the basis for its future large-scale production. In addition, a simple method for the synthesis of thehighly efficient photo-Fenton catalyst M88A@TA-2 was developed as part of this study. It has been shown that the use of M88A@TA-2 increases the activity of the traditional photo-Fenton catalyst M88A by 32.8 times and increases the efficiency of the photocatalytic process when activated by hydrogen peroxide by 4 times, which indicates that M88A@ TA-2 effectively decomposes pollutants at extremely low H2O2 concentrations (1.76 mM). In addition, M88A@TA-2 demonstrated strong pH adaptability, which will reduce energy consumption, capital costs and reagent costs when treating complex real-world water environments, demonstrating its significant potential for applications in photo-Fenton processes.Документ Відкритий доступ Resource-saving technologies for the production of elastic leather materials(Baltija Publishing, 2020) Danylkovych, Anatolii; Lishchuk, Victor; Mokrousova, Olena; Zhyhotsky, Oleksandr; Korotych, Olena; Sanginova, Olga; Bondarenko, Serhii; Branovitska, Slava; Omelchenko, Nataliia; Romaniuk, Oksana; Khliebnikova, Nataliia; Bilinskyi, Serhii; Kudzieva, Alona; Lysenko, Nataliia; Palamar, Vera; Potakh, Yuliia; Chervinskyi, VasylДокумент Відкритий доступ Structural inorganic chemistry(Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, 2019) Dontsova, Tetiana Anatoliivna; Nahirniak, Svitlana ValeriivnaДокумент Відкритий доступ Study of heterometallic complexes of Co(III) – Ni(II) with aminoalcohols in methanol solutions for the manufacture of electrocatalysts(Національний університет водного господарства та природокористування, 2020-05) Borovytskyi, D. Y.; Kuzevanova, I. S.; Pidgornyy, A. V.; Andriiko, A. A.